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161.
162.
Woo Gon Kim Sung Ho Kim Woo Seog Ryu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(11):1420-1427
The Monkman-Grant (M-G) and its modified parameters were evaluated for type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo stainless steels prepared
with minor element variations. Several sets of creep data for the two alloy systems were obtained by constant-load creep tests
in 550-650°C temperature range. The M-G parameters,m, m’,C, andC’ were proposed and discussed for the two alloy systems. Them value of the M-G relation was 0.90 in type 316LN steel and 0.84 in modified 9Cr-Mo steel. Them’, value of the modified relation was 0.94 in type 316LN steel and 0.89 in 9Cr-Mo steel. Although creep fracture modes and
creep properties between type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo steels showed a basic difference, the M-G and its modified relations
demonstrated linearity quite well. Them’ of modified relation almost overlapped regardless of the creep testing conditions and chemical variations in the two alloy
systems, and the parameterm’ was closer to unity than that of the M-G relation. 相似文献
163.
Seong-Ku Kim Joon Kyu Lee Yong-Mo Kim Jae-Hyun Ahn 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(7):1009-1018
The Representative Interactive Flamelet (RIF) concept has been applied to numerically simulate the combustion processes and
pollutant formation in the direct injection diesel engine. Due to the ability for interactively describing the transient behaviors
of local flame structures with CFD solver, the RIF concept has the capabilities to predict the auto-ignition and subsequent
flame propagation in the diesel engine combustion chamber as well as to effectively account for the detailed mechanisms of
soot formation, NOX formation including thermal NO path, prompt and nitrous NOX formation, and reburning process. Special emphasis is given to the turbulent combustion model which properly accounts for
vaporization effects on the mixture fraction fluctuations and the pdf model. The results of numerical modeling using the RIF
concept are compared with experimental data and with numerical results of the commonly applied procedure which the low-temperature
and high-temperature oxidation processes are represented by the Shell ignition model and the eddy dissipation model, respectively.
Numerical results indicate that the RIF approach including the vaporization effect on turbulent spray combustion process successfully
predicts the ignition delay time and location as well as the pollutant formation. 相似文献
164.
George Ter-Stepanian 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2002,61(3):197-205
The paper discusses the postulated suspension force, by which it is possible to explain some enigmatic phenomena observed
in different types of mass movements. This force is generated in thick suspensions as a result of friction between sinking
solid particles and static water. The suspension force is related to the seepage force but they have opposite directions.
Both forces form flow networks. Having explained the suspension force, the paper describes how this influences the movement
of material, particularly in debris flows. Enigmatic features and the mechanism of debris flows and lahars are explained by
virtue of the suspension force.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
165.
We consider the problem of rescheduling trains in the case where one track of a railway section consisting of two tracks
in opposing directions is closed due to construction activities. After presenting an appropriate model for this situation
we derive a polynomial algorithm for the subproblem of finding an optimal schedule with minimal latenesss if the subsequences
of trains for both directions outside the construction site are fixed. Based on this algorithm we propose a local search procedure
for the general problem of finding good schedules and report test results for some real world instances.
Received: December 8, 1999 / Accepted: May 2, 2001 相似文献
166.
Three interesterified vegetable oils (IVOs) prepared from palm, cottonseed, and olive oil, respectively, have been studied for application to Frankfurters. Beef fat (10%) was replaced by one of the IVOs at 20, 60 or 100%. Fatty acid composition of the lipid fraction in the Frankfurters and saturated/unsaturated ratios were established for all batches. We found that total or partial replacement of beef fat by IVOs did not lead to significant changes in appearance, colour, texture, flavour or sensory score. We conclude that IVOs may be successfully applied as beef fat substitutes in Frankfurters. 相似文献
167.
J-M Choe 《欧洲信息系统杂志》2002,11(2):142-158
This study empirically examined the organisational learning effects of the nonfinancial performance information provided by management accounting information systems (MAISs) under advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). In this study, a target costing system and the frequent and quick reporting of information were considered the facilitators of learning. First, we examined the relationships between AMT level and the amount of nonfinancial performance information produced by MAISs. The empirical results showed that there are significant positive relationships between the level of AMT and nonfinancial performance information. With a systems approach, we also proved the impact of the relationships among AMT levels, nonfinancial performance information and learning facilitators on the organisational performance of a firm. The results of our research suggest that under a high level of AMT, for the provision of information to result in an increase of performance through organisational learning, a target costing system must be introduced and a large amount of information should be provided frequently and quickly. The results of this study also showed that although AMT level may be low, fairly well-arranged facilitators and a moderately large amount of information may be necessary for the improvement of performance. In conclusion, effective organisational learning depends on the provision of relevant information as well as efficient learning support mechanisms. 相似文献
168.
The flow and heat transfer characteristics of a pair of embedded counter-rotating vortices are studied experimentally. In order to control the strength of longitudinal vortices, angle of attack of the vortex generators is varied from ±20° to ±45°, and the spacing between the vortex generators is 4 cm apart. The heat transfer measurements using thermo-chromatic liquid crystal are made to provide the local surface distributions of heat transfer coefficients. The following conclusions are obtained from the present experiment. For the common-flow-down cases, two maximum values in the local heat transfer distributions exist for the three angles of attack. With the common-flow-up cases, only one maximum value exists. The common-flow-down cases show better heat transfer characteristics than the common-flow-up cases. 相似文献
169.
170.
Although the literature on the mechanics of cellular materials is vast, there is no theoretical model to account for the effects of axial yielding of struts aligned to the applied loading direction on the plastic yield surface under multiaxial loading conditions. An anisotropic hexagonal model having tapered strut morphology is developed to show these effects on the plastic yield surface under multiaxial tensile loading condition. This model covers several types of cellular structure such as two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and square cellular materials, and three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal and rhombic cellular materials of rod-like columnar structure. A tetrahedral element with tapered strut morphology is also used for a foam model to illustrate these effects on the yield surface under axisymmetric loading condition. Plastic collapse due to bending moment in the inclined struts is a dominant mode. However, under multiaxial tensile loading, the collapse due to axial yielding of struts parallel to the loading direction is found to be an important mode. The shape of plastic yield surface was found to depend not only on relative density but also on the strut morphology. 相似文献