基于BIM的碰撞检查在协同设计中的研究

碰撞检查是针对整个建筑设计周期中的多专业协同设计,将不同专业的信息模型进行协调审查和碰撞分析。通过碰撞检查有助于建筑设计、结构设计、MEP(Mechanical,Electrical,Plumbing,即电气、暖通、给排水)专业的设计团队及时发现问题和解决矛盾,优化工程设计,减少在项目实施过程中错误和返工可能性。本文将介绍利用Revit系列软件碰撞检查工具,探究其在多专业协同设计中的作用。     

煤矿井下综采液压支架底座结构的优化设计

由于煤矿井下支护环境恶劣,工作时的受力条件复杂,对液压支架的底座造成了巨大的影响.因此,利用三维建模软件建立液压支架底座三维结构模型,对其支护作业时的受力状态进行分析,并利用仿真分析软件对其进行仿真研究,根据仿真结果针对性地提出了底座结构的优化方案.对优化前后底座受力情况进行分析,表明优化后底座重量降低了约121.49 kg,其制造成本降低了约2.9％.     

国家的门脸儿——南非使领馆设计

国家强大了!国人有钱了!经过30年的快速发展,中国在世界的地位发生了巨大的变化,中国人在外国人面前腰杆也挺起来了.然而在人们对中国经济的飞跃发展充满好奇和羡慕的同时,也对中国人处事态度的变化产生疑虑和担心.外交使团代表着国家的风范,使领馆建筑也代表着国家的形象.因此,设计使领馆建筑多少担负着表达中国精神和传递文化品味的重任.9年前我们有幸承担了中国驻南非使领馆的设计工作,在创作中得到外交部和使馆各级领导的大力支持,他们彬彬有礼的作风、既相互尊重又坚持原则的办事态度以及对国际文化交流的设想,给了我们很大的启发和激励,使我们明确了尊重环境、和谐内敛、追求精致典雅文化气质的创作思路,设计工作由此顺利展开.     

烟气冷凝热回收装置的节能与净化烟气效果的工程试验

基于燃气锅炉房排烟冷凝余热利用节能改造工程,并模拟电厂工况,试验研究了不同过剩空气系数条件下烟气冷凝热回收装置的节能与净化烟气效果。研究表明,烟气冷凝热回收装置不仅提高了燃气利用热效率,产生的烟气冷凝水量可观,且净化烟气效果显著,烟气冷凝水呈强酸性,设备的防腐至关重要。     

Hendrick Petrus Berlage's villas

Hendrick Berlage is known to architectural history mainly for his Amsterdam Stock Exchange of 1903. This is often celebrated as a proto-modernist work in a rationalist spirit, an oversimplified view, for the building had a conventionally eclectic start and was the fruit of long struggle and many revisions. The development of Berlage's architectural ideas during the period of its gestation is chronicled in a fascinating way by a series of private villas built for friends who were artists and intellectuals. Completed year by year, they run right through the 1890s, showing Berlage's changing concerns with the articulation of content, the expression of construction, the application of controlling geometry, and the development of architectural space.     

BFRP筋与蒸养混凝土粘结性能研究

为研究BFRP筋与混凝土粘结性能,将BFRP筋混凝土试件蒸养8h后再各标养3d及28d,对试件进行中心拉拔试验。研究不同龄期试件破坏形态及试件粘结强度随混凝土强度和粘结长度变化的规律,利用1st Opt软件对试件粘结强度与影响因素关系进行二次非线性曲面拟合。结果表明,试件主要破坏形态为BFRP筋拔出和混凝土劈拉破坏;与粘结长度相比,混凝土强度对不同龄期试件的粘结强度影响较显著,C40比C25增幅达29.1%,17.5d比7.5d降幅达21.4%;1st Opt软件拟合的粘结强度公式为确定不同混凝土强度、不同粘结长度下试件不同龄期的粘结强度值提供理论依据。     

13-Hydroxy-9Z,15Z-Octadecadienoic Acid Production by Recombinant Cells Expressing Lactobacillus acidophilus 13-Hydratase

Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing linoleate 13‐hydratase from Lactobacillus acidophilus were permeabilized by treating with 0.2 M NaCl. The optimal conditions for the production of 13‐hydroxy‐9,15(Z,Z)‐octadecadienoic acid (13‐HODE) from α‐linolenic acid by permeabilized recombinant cells were pH 6.0, 40 °C, 7.5 % (v/v) methanol, 60 g/l permeabilized cells, and 15 g/l α‐linolenic acid. Under these conditions, permeabilized cells produced 7.5 g/l 13‐HODE after 6 h, with a conversion yield of 50 % (w/w) and a volumetric productivity of 1.25 g/l/h. These values were 161 and 160 % of those obtained by nonpermeabilized cells, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the process optimization for the biotechnological production of 13‐HODE.     

Low n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio Improves Lipid Metabolism,Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function in Rats Using Plant Oils as n-3 Fatty Acid Source

Lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial function play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be affected by an imbalance in the n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio on these cardiovascular risk factors in rats fed a high‐fat diet using plant oils as the main n‐3 PUFA source. The 1:1 and 5:1 ratio groups had significantly decreased serum levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and proinflammatory cytokines compared with the 20:1 group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 20:1 group had significantly increased serum levels of E‐Selectin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and numerous markers of oxidative stress compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The 1:1 group had a significantly decreased lipid peroxide level compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Serum levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and vWF tended to increase with n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratios increasing from 5:1 to 20:1. We demonstrated that low n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio (1:1 and 5:1) had a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors by enhancing favorable lipid profiles, having anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative stress effects, and improving endothelial function. A high n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio (20:1) had adverse effects. Our results indicated that low n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratios exerted beneficial cardiovascular effects, suggesting that plant oils could be used as a source of n‐3 fatty acids to prevent CVD. They also suggested that we should be aware of possible adverse effects from excessive n‐3 PUFA.     

Structure and mechanical properties of multi‐hollowed fibers produced by CO2 laser irradiated neck drawing

Multi‐hollowed fibers with a hollowness ratio of over 20% were successfully produced using a neck‐drawing technique accompanied by CO₂ laser irradiation on unoriented and amorphous polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) fibers with diameters of approximately 104 µm. The structure and mechanical properties of the multi‐hollowed fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), birefringence measurements, and tensile tests. Crystal orientation factors in the direction normal to the (010) and (002) planes, which were obtained from WAXD patterns, were lower in comparison to values obtained in previous studies on fibers that did not feature these hollows [9] because of the development of these internal hollows. The PTT fibers in this study also displayed high toughness, about 465 MPa (3.5 cN/dtex) strength and about 40% elongation, and had excellent elastic recovery (>95%) after 10 stretch cycles. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:609–616, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Sweet potato amylose and amylopectin with narrower distribution of molar mass and chain length obtained by a repeated retrogradation–hydrolysis procedure

The wide molar mass distribution of native starch creates obstacles in investigating the physicochemical characteristics of starch, such as retrogradation, because samples thought to be the same are actually compounds containing many chains with different molar masses. In this paper, the sweet potato amylose and amylopectin isolated from retrograded starch were treated with the retrogradation–hydrolysis method three times, and their physicochemical changes in this process were determined by absorbance of the starch–iodine complex, light microscopy, and molar mass and chain length distributions. The results showed that repeated retrogradation and hydrolysis caused the molar mass distribution of sweet potato amylose and amylopectin to reduce from 4.2 × 10⁷–205 and 7971–223 to 6.0 × 10⁴–730 and 4533–211 g mol⁻¹, respectively. This retrogradation–hydrolysis cut the chain length distribution of sweet potato amylose from DP 9–35 to DP 3–13, but that of amylopectin remained unchanged. The double helix in sweet potato amylopectin will not form if the percentage of chain length with DP ≥ 4 is less than 25%. Repeated retrogradation and hydrolysis was an appropriate method to obtain amylose or amylopectin with a narrower molar mass distribution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43849.