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41.
42.
Nadia Segura Roberta Claro da Silva Fabiana A. Schäfer de M. Soares Luiz Antonio Gioielli Iván Jachmanián 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(12):1945-1954
Although beef tallow (BT) has been considered a hard low-trans fat convenient to be used in several bakery applications, it has some undesirable characteristics like fatty acid composition,
crystallization behavior, graininess formation and poor plastic range. This work studied the modification of BT by blending
at different percentages with high oleic sunflower oil (HOSFO) followed by the enzyme-catalyzed interesterification of the
blends. The reduction in the solid fat content achieved by the simple blending was enhanced by the interesterification process,
as a result of the increase in the concentration of the diunsaturated monosaturated type triacylglycerols. Interesterification
strongly impacted too on the crystallization behavior of the blends, since products showed more homogeneous and regular crystals
than the starting mixture. Results show that lipase catalyzed interesterification of BT with HOSFO offers a useful tool for
the design of fats with adjustable physicochemical properties, improved with respect to that of the starting fats. 相似文献
43.
Adriana Gadioli Tarone Luiz Henrique Fasolin Fabiana de Assis Perrechil Míriam Dupas Hubinger Rosiane Lopes da Cunha 《Food and Bioproducts Processing》2013,91(2):111-120
Soy protein fractions rich in β-conglycinin (7S) or glycinin (11S) were freeze dried or spray dried at temperatures of 120, 150 or 180 °C. The fractions were characterized for their particle size distribution, sorption isotherms and by scanning differential calorimetry. The gelling capacity of the protein fractions was studied at pH values of 3 and 7 using oscillatory measurements, mechanical properties and water holding capacity. The rheological measurements showed that viscous modulus (G″) predominated at low temperatures and the elastic modulus (G′) at high temperatures. At pH 3, the G′–G″ crossover occurred at lower temperatures when compared to pH 7. This behaviour was more accentuated for the 11S fractions due to its capacity to form stronger gels. An increase of drying temperature led to a displacement of the gel point to higher temperatures and decreased the elasticity modulus or gelling capacity of protein fractions. These results were confirmed by the mechanical properties, since at higher temperatures the gels were more fragile and brittle, especially when formed at pH 7. 相似文献
44.
Denise Bevilaqua Heloisa A. Acciari Fabiana A. Arena Assis V. Benedetti Cecílio S. Fugivara Germano Tremiliosi Filho Oswaldo Garcia Júnior 《Minerals Engineering》2009,22(3):254-262
In this work, the monitoring of the bacterial and chemical dissolution of bornite was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); the mineral surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The analysis of CV results allowed attributing the different peaks observed in both direct and reverse potential scanning to the oxidation of bornite to a secondary covellite and its reduction via different non stoichiometric copper sulphides intermediaries. EIS data for bornite were obtained in control medium up to 78 h of immersion, when a cellular suspension of A. ferrooxidans was added and the experiments continued up to a 192 h of test. The EIS response was different when bacteria were added in the beginning of the test or after some hours of immersion in acid solution. The experiments were performed in different cell configurations and a model of the electrode/electrolyte interface. The correspondent equivalent electrical circuit was used to fit impedance spectra for all studied conditions. A common equivalent circuit used for corrosion processes where anodic (degradation of the mineral) and cathodic (oxygen reduction) reactions occur in parallel, together film and biofilm formation was proposed. 相似文献
45.
Recently, one of us (O.L.M.) developed a theoretical approach to the energy transfer process between a ligand and a lanthanide ion in luminescent compounds. This approach takes into account the direct Coulomb interaction only. Here we present further calculations which also include the exchange Coulomb interaction (isotropic and anisotropic). The selection rules on the total angular momentum, J, of the lanthanide 4f states, derived from each interaction are different. They are in fact complementary. We discuss the case of energy transfer to the 5D1 manifold of the Eu3+ ion, which is forbidden when only the direct Coulomb interaction is considered but becomes allowed through the exchange interaction. In this case numerical estimates show that, depending on resonance conditions and the nature of the ligand donor state, the transfer rate may assume very high values. It is also emphasised that, according to the present approach, energy transfer to the 5D0 level of the Eu3+ ion is forbidden by both mechanisms, provided J-mixing between the 7F0 and 7F2 manifolds is neglected. 相似文献
46.
Fabiana A. Lobo Danielle Goveia Adriana P. de Oliveira Edenir R. Pereira-Filho Newton L. Dias Filho 《Fuel》2009,88(10):1907-1914
Experimental design was used as a tool to define the optimum pyrolysis and atomization temperatures for four analytes (Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd) in biodiesel samples. Two chemical modifiers (Pd + Mg and W) and two distinct sample preparation procedures (microemulsion and wet digestion in a focused microwave system) were also investigated. The pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were optimized using 24 factorial design for Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd, with 16 assays carried out for each analyte. The results for Cu and Pb indicated that variables of sample preparation for digestion by focused microwave was the most important one for both analytes. The pyrolysis and atomization temperatures applied were 1000 °C and 2200 °C for Cu and 500 °C and 2000 °C for Pb. None of the variables analyzed here were important for Ni, and the pyrolysis and atomization temperatures chosen for this element were 800 °C and 2300 °C. A different factorial design was used for Cd. The variables of medium and modifier were not important for this element, and the lowest temperatures, Tp-500 °C and Ta-1400 °C, were chosen based on this second design. The importance of factorial design in the simultaneous optimization of several variables studied by GFAAS was confirmed, for it involves fewer experiments and hence, lower costs, greater speed and higher efficiency. 相似文献
47.
Elen Cristina Pradella Balloni Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França Cecilia Pedroso Turssi 《Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology》2013,27(10):1133-1141
This study evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine (CLX) in cavities prepared with either ultrasound-mounted CVDentUS diamond tips or conventional diamond burs on dentin bond strength after 24 h and 180 days. Forty-eight dentin surfaces from sound third molars were flattened and divided into four groups (n = 12), according to the type of cavity preparation (CVDentUS ultrasound tip or conventional diamond) and with or without 2% CLX (Consepsis) treatment. After application of the adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond), microhybrid composite resin blocks (Charisma) were made on the dentin surface in increments. After 24 h, the specimens were sectioned into stick-shaped samples with an adhesive interface of approximately 1 mm2. From each tooth, half of the sticks were evaluated after 24 h of storage in distilled water and the other half after 180 days, using a universal testing machine. Three-way analysis of variance showed no significant triple interactions (p = 0.722) or double interactions between factors. Higher bond strength values were observed with the use of ultrasonic tips (p = 0.019), irrespective of whether or not CLX was applied in either time period. No difference in bond strength values was observed in terms of CLX application (p = 0.581). No significant difference in bond strength values was shown after storage for 24 h or 180 days (p = 0.302). In conclusion, the ultrasonic tips promoted greater bond strength to dentin, irrespective of whether or not CLX was applied, and storage time. 相似文献
48.
Inês J. Seabra Mara E. M. Braga Maria T. P. Batista Hermínio C. de Sousa 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2010,3(5):674-683
Fractionated high pressure extractions from dry and in natura elderberry pomace were performed in order to obtain anthocyanin rich extracts. Experiments were carried out using CO2 supercritical fluid extraction followed by enhanced solvent extraction (ESE) with CO2/EtOH–H2O mixtures (1–100%, v/v), to obtain anthocyanin rich fractions in the second step, at 313 K and ~20 MPa. Higher extract yields, anthocyanin contents
and antioxidant activities occurred by the presence of water, both in the raw material and in the solvent mixture. The CO2 dissolved in the ESE solvent mixture favored either anthocyanin contents or antioxidant activities, which were not directly
related. Comparing to the literature data for elderberries and grapes, these fractions had higher anthocyanins contents. From
these results, an added economical value to this agroindustrial residue is proposed, using solvents and techniques “generally
regarded as safe” in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 相似文献
49.
Fabiana K.O.M. Varella Carla K.N. Cavaliero Ennio P. da Silva 《Renewable Energy》2009,34(7):1801-1805
The use of renewable alternative sources of energy in the world has been growing in the last few decades due to concerns about dependence on fossil sources and to environmental reasons, related to climatic change and its effects on mankind. Tax and/or financial incentives have been instituted for the population, to have access to renewable source technologies, and for the local equipment industry, to develop more quickly. In Brazil, the PV (photovoltaic) equipment to convert solar into electricity is more often used in low income rural communities, located distant from the grid network, for rural electrification, water pumping and public illumination. However, since there is no currently specific regulatory incentive mechanism for this source in the country, the Brazilian PV equipment industry has not made great advances and the market is largely dominated by multinationals. Against this background, a survey of the current PV equipment industry in Brazil is extremely relevant, especially in the event of a national program development to promote the use of this technology, stimulate the domestic industry and reduce the dependence on imported equipment. 相似文献
50.
The Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor (EGFET) is a device composed of a conventional ion-sensitive electrode and a MOSFET
device, which can be applied for the measurement of ion content in a solution. The EGFET is fabricated connecting the sensitive
membrane to a commercial MOSFET. We investigated the use of fluorine-doped tin oxide films (FTO) as sensitive membrane to
EGFET. The commercial FTO shows a low resistivity and a crystalline structure, both determined using conductivity set-up and
X-ray diffraction experiments, respectively. So far, it has been known that an amorphous structure is desirable to obtain
high sensitivity. Despite of the a crystalline structure, we have fabricated the FTO as EGFET for pH sensor and carried out
experiments in order to obtain the response of the device inserted into solutions with pH values from 2 up to 12. In this
range, we have quantified a sensitivity of 50 mV/pH, which may have large potential applications as pH and biosensors. In
addition, both the film and the structure of the sensor are cheaper and easier to make than in common techniques. 相似文献