Effective capacity of a correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel

The grail of next‐generation wireless networks is providing real‐time services for delay‐sensitive applications, which require that the wireless networks provide QoS guarantees. The effective capacity (EC) proposed by Wu and Negi provides a powerful tool for design of QoS provisioning mechanisms. In this paper, we intend to generalize their formula for the effective capacity of a correlated Rayleigh fading channel; specifically, we derive a closed form approximate EC formula for a special correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel, for which the inverse of the correlation coefficient matrix is tridiagonal. To verify its accuracy via simulation, we develop a Green‐matrix based approach, which allows us to analytically obtain the effective capacity (given the joint probability density function of a correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel) while being able to simulate the corresponding channel gain process. Simulation results show that our EC formula is accurate. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the EC theory to the design of practical QoS provisioning mechanisms, we propose a simple algorithm for estimating the EC of an arbitrary correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel, given channel measurements; simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed EC estimation algorithm showing its suitability in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

UMTS性能增强技术研究

指出开发UMTS性能增强技术的关键驱动因素,介绍了扩容天线、多用户检测和软件无线电技术的基本原理与功能,并提出了一种面向分组的体系结构。     

MEMS划片技术的现状与技术革新

MEMS独特的结构和特性,给划片工艺带来了巨大的挑战.介绍了传统砂轮划片技术在MEMS芯片生产中的局限性,指出了隐形激光划片技术的优越性,综述了激光划片技术在MEMS划片中的应用,对几种较成熟的先进激光划片技术进行了比较,对各自的工作原理、特点、工序作了重点阐述,并对MEMS划片技术的发展前景作了展望.     

Mesoporous Silicon‐PLGA Composite Microspheres for the Double Controlled Release of Biomolecules for Orthopedic Tissue Engineering

In this study, poly(dl ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/porous silicon (PLGA/pSi) composite microspheres, synthesized by a solid‐in‐oil‐in‐water (S/O/W) emulsion method, are developed for the long‐term controlled delivery of biomolecules for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. Confocal and fluorescent microscopy, together with material analysis, show that each composite microsphere contained multiple pSi particles embedded within the PLGA matrix. The release profiles of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC‐BSA), loaded inside the pSi within the PLGA matrix, indicate that both PLGA and pSi contribute to the control of the release rate of the payload. Protein stability studies show that PLGA/pSi composite can protect BSA from degradation during the long term release. We find that during the degradation of the composite material, the presence of the pSi particles neutralizes the acidic pH due to the PLGA degradation by‐products, thus minimizing the risk of inducing inflammatory responses in the exposed cells while stimulating the mineralization in osteogenic growth media. Confocal studies show that the cellular uptake of the composite microspheres is avoided, while the fluorescent payload is detectable intracellularly after 7 days of co‐incubation. In conclusion, the PLGA/pSi composite microspheres offer an additional level of controlled release and could be ideal candidates as drug delivery vehicles for orthopedic tissue engineering applications.     

试析“超越摩尔定律”的技术

分析研究了半导体技术有别于"摩尔定律"的另一个发展趋势,即"超越摩尔定律"的发展方向,重点讨论了"超越摩尔定律"范畴的形成、可用组成器件、支撑技术和异质集成设计技术等问题。     

机场毁伤效果仿真技术

提出了一种从微软虚拟地球遥感影像数据库获得毁伤前机场瓦片图像组的方法,并基于四叉树的数据结构分析获得了其在远程数据库的存储方式,以此为基础拼接得到高分辨率的毁伤前机场图像数据。在此基础上,分析了图像的投影方式,重点研究了基于WEB墨卡托投影的经纬度配准方法,从而实现了从地理经纬度坐标到机场局部图像像素坐标的转换。并利用经典的Bernard混凝土侵彻公式对动能物侵彻机场跑道混凝土的深度和成坑可见直径进行了仿真。最后,采用二维图像技术设计了仿真软件,将仿真得到的成坑数据和侵彻位置绘制在毁伤前机场图像中,得到了可视化的毁伤后机场仿真影像。     

Real‐Time Probing Nanopore‐in‐Nanogap Plasmonic Coupling Effect on Silver Supercrystals with Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Nanopore structures have displayed attractive prospects in diverse important applications such as nanopore‐based biosensors and enhanced spectroscopy. However, on the one hand, the fabrication techniques to obtain sub‐10 nm sized nanopores so far is very limited. On the other hand, the electromagnetic enhancement of nanopores is still relatively low. In this work, using a facile chemical etching strategy on 2D plasmonic Ag nanoparticle supercrystals, fine nanopore arrays with sub‐10 nm pore size have been successfully fabricated and a “nanopore‐in‐nanogap” hybrid plasmon mode has been investigated. An in situ etching and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection indicate that novel hybrid plasmon structure may create an enhanced electromagnetic coupling and increase SERS signal at ≈10× magnification. The breaking of plasmon bonding dipolar mode and generation of antibonding‐like plasmon mode contribute to this enhanced electromagnetic coupling. The facile etching strategy, as a common approach, may open the doors for the fabrication of nanopores in various compositions for numerous applications.     

Photo‐Induced Charge‐Variable Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Brushes Encapsulating Upconversion Nanoparticles for Promoted siRNA Release and Collaborative Photodynamic Therapy under NIR Light Irradiation

Combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has become a major strategy in cancer treatment for enhancing anticancer efficacy. However, developing nanoplatform that can promote siRNA release and collaborate with efficient PDT under NIR light irradiation is still a big challenge. Photo‐induced charge‐variable conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes encapsulating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP@CCPEB) as an efficient nanoplatform are reported. Cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte brush (CCPEB) is synthesized through quaternary ammoniation of N‐functionalized polyfluorene brush by photodegradable 2‐nitrobenzyl‐2‐bromoacetate. CCPEB with abundant positive charges and intrinsic photosensitizer (PS) performance is good for integrating siRNA carrier and PS into one molecule. The obtained CCPEB next encapsulates upconversion nanoparticle for realizing its NIR light excitation. Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments show that UCNP@CCPEB present good stability and excellent siRNA‐loading capacity (1 mol UCNP@CCPEB to at least 32.5 mol siRNA). Under 980 nm light irradiation, UCNP@CCPEB exhibit efficient single oxygen production for PDT. Concurrently, the photoresponsive cationic side‐chain of CCPEB turns into zwitterionic chain and thus accelerates its siRNA release to 80%. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the successful A549 tumor suppression is achieved by UCNP@CCPEB/siPlk1 complex under 980 irradiation. It is envisioned that UCNP@CCPEB can serve as an efficient platform for combining various phototherapies together.     

Comparing Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) Void/Pinhole Defect Self-Test Methods

Three methods have been proposed to test Through-Silicon-Vias (TSV) electrically prior to 3D integration. These test methods are (1) sense amplification; (2) leakage current monitor; and (3) capacitance bridge methods. These tests are aimed at detecting one or both of two failure types, pin-holes and voids. The test circuits measure capacitance and leakage current of the TSVs, and generate a 1 bit pass/fail signal. The outputs are streamed out through a scan chain. The test time is 10 μs for the leakage test and the sense amplification methods, and is 15 μs for the capacitive bridge method. All these methods can be implemented for test-before-stacking, which will increase assembled yield. Resolution, power and area of these TSV test circuits were compared. The performance of each circuit was studied at PVT corners. The IMEC TSV technology was assumed, and the designs were simulated using the 32 nm predicted device model. Without any failure, the TSV capacitance’s mean value is 37 fF, and its leakage resistance is higher than 850 MΩ. With respect to 37 fF standard capacitance, resolution for the sense amplification method is 3.3 fF (8.9%); it is 0.16 fF (0.4%) for the capacitance bridge method. Although the capacitance bridge method has relatively better resolution, it takes 4x area and 10x power than the other two, and is also more sensitive to PVT variation. Resolution of the leakage current monitor method is 10 MΩ (1.1%) with respect to its threshold 850 MΩ, and use 42.5aJ power in normal case. Sense amplification circuit can be modified to detect equivalent leakage resistance under 2KΩ.     

逆合成孔径雷达成像仿真

逆合成孔径雷达的运动补偿问题已有很多讨论,并在实际中得到成功的应用。运动补偿是ISAR成像技术的关键,分两步进行：包络对齐和相位校正。本文从全局效果出发,研究了平均包络最小熵包络对齐法和最小熵相位校准法的原理及算法实现,并对仿真数据进行成像处理。实验结果表明,平均包络最小熵法和最小熵相位校正法在ISAR雷达的运动补偿算...