The effect of par‐baking and frozen storage time on the quality of cup cake

The effects of frozen storage and initial baking time of par‐baked cake on baking loss, volume, moisture, colour and textural properties of cake obtained after thawing and rebaking were investigated. Cakes, par‐baked at 175 °C for 15, 20 and 25 min, were stored at ?18 °C for 3, 6 and 9 months. After storage, par‐baked cakes were thawed and rebaked at 175 °C for 10, 15 and 20 min. Baking loss, moisture content, L and +b colour values, firmness, gumminess and chewiness of the resulting full‐baked cakes were significantly affected by both par‐baking and frozen storage time, while specific volume, cohesiveness, springiness and resilience values were significantly affected by frozen storage time. The increase in the time of frozen storage of the par‐baked cake leads to a decrease in the quality of the rebaked cake, namely an increase of baking loss and cake crumb firmness, and a loss in the moisture content and specific volume. Moisture of cake crumb, L and +b colour values, firmness, gumminess and chewiness significantly increased as the par‐baking time increased. However, regarding baking loss, specific volume, moisture content and textural properties, 3‐month intermediate storage at ?18 °C and 20‐min initial baking time gave the best result among the cakes produced by using the two‐step baking procedure.     

A numerical comparison of partial solutions in the decomposition method for linear and nonlinear partial differential equations

In this study, the decomposition method for solving the linear heat equation and nonlinear Burgers equation is implemented with appropriate initial conditions. The application of the method demonstrated that the partial solution in the x-direction requires more computational work when compared with the partial solution developed in the t-direction but the numerical solution in the x-direction are performed extremely well in terms of accuracy and efficiency.     

利用测井资料研究井壁稳定性问题的进展

井壁稳定性问题是石油钻井工业面临的一个重大课题。利用测井资料研究井壁稳定性是一种有效的方法。对测井评价方法的现状和今后的发展趋势做了论述，并提出了作者自己的看法。     

Rubber effect on metallic dampers used on the supports of steel cross members

There are many strengthening methods made with steel cross members for strengthening the structures with inadequate earthquake behavior. This type of strengthening methods is also effective in buckling of the cross members in the behavior of the structural frames. This buckling may cause partial or complete collapse of the structure. Thus, it is quite important to prevent and limit the formation of buckling in steel crosses. At the TEC 2018, the insulation unit is defined as the elements that can exhibit flexible behavior on the horizontal direction and rigid behavior on the vertical direction under the effect of earthquake loads. The basic principle of using insulation units is that these members can dissipate energy in the carrier system. The originality of this study is to experimentally investigate the damper behavior created by using cylindrical rubber wedges, which can be easily found in the automotive industry, in combination with steel plates and bolts. In this experimental study, the contribution of seismic insulators to the structural element to be strengthened was investigated. The insulators used in this study are considered by analogy with lead-core rubber insulators. As such seismic lead-core rubber insulators move under the influence of lateral loads, the lead core inside makes plastic deformation, thus increasing the damping rate. In this insulator study, it is aimed to use U plates or bolts instead of lead core. While vertical loads are covered by rubber support, horizontal loads will be damped due to plastic deformation of U plates or bolts. The five types of seismic dampers were used as 10 B-type rubber wedge mounted damper (SR), 2 U-type steel plates damper (SP), 10 M6 steel bolted damper (SB), 2 U-type steel plates and 10 B-type rubber wedge mounted damper (SPR), 10 M6 steel bolted, and 10 C-type rubber wedge mounted damper (SBR). These specimens were tested under lateral loading and constant vertical loading. The results obtained at the end of the tests shall be compared considering the strength, stiffness, and dissipated energy capacities of the specimens.     

碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯的磨损性能

研究用碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯的磨损性能,以便为碳烟在超高分子质量聚乙烯中的应用打下基础。从柴油发动机中收集了零号柴油碳烟和生物柴油碳烟,这两种碳烟微粒的直径在50 nm~100 nm之间,均为无定型碳。采用摩擦磨损试验机来评价超高分子质量聚乙烯的体积磨损量,分别考察了用零号柴油碳烟和生物柴油碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯的磨损性能。在11.0%质量分数以内,用零号柴油碳烟和生物柴油碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯的抗磨性能均有不同程度地提高。用8.0%质量分数生物柴油碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯的抗磨性能最好。改性超高分子质量聚乙烯的抗磨性能随着转速和负荷的增加而降低。3D激光扫描显微照片显示,纯超高分子质量聚乙烯表现为磨粒磨损,摩擦表面有熔化的痕迹,而用生物柴油碳烟改性的超高分子质量聚乙烯表现为擦伤磨损,摩擦表面没有熔化的痕迹。改性超高分子质量聚乙烯提高了摩擦表面的熔点,从而提高了超高分子质量聚乙烯的抗磨性能。     

Wind‐induced vibration control of tall buildings using hybrid buckling‐restrained braces

A buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) is a system with excellent earthquake‐proof performance, but it does not dissipate energies caused by the load from weak earthquakes or winds. A hybrid BRB (H‐BRB), which improved the performance of the BRB, is a type of composite damper system consisting of a BRB and a viscoelastic damper. To explain the wind‐induced vibration control performance of H‐BRB, a 40‐story steel building was designed and used as an analysis model in this study, on the basis of the damping ratio from a structural performance test, using normal steel braces, BRB and H‐BRB. In addition, to evaluate the optimal location of H‐BRB, a time‐history analysis of four models was conducted in the study. For such time‐history analysis, wind‐load data in a 10‐year recurrence interval, which were calculated from the wind tunnel test, were used. The result of the time‐history analysis showed that H‐BRB is effective in improving both the lateral stiffness and serviceability of a building using the existing BRB. It also confirmed that it is most effective to position H‐BRBs mainly on the lower stories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅议建筑施工技术与建筑能耗

为有效解决建筑能耗问题,应当在建筑施工中积极采用各种节能技术,从根本上降低建筑能耗。基于此点,本文就建筑施工技术与建筑能耗进行了研究。     

凤县古羌文化演艺中心的地域性创作思考

结合凤县古羌文化演艺中心的建筑设计创作,本文探讨研究地域性元素在建筑实际项目中的具体应用。指出具体的建筑设计只有从地域环境要素、功能特征、文化背景出发,不盲从与主流的建筑思潮,才能为建筑实践带来更大的创作空间。     

燃气分布式能源系统在数据中心的应用

总结数据中心的能耗特性,对燃气分布式能源系统用于数据中心的适用性、降低电源使用效率(PUE)的作用进行探讨。结合某数据中心项目,将传统分供系统作为比较对象,对燃气分布式能源系统的供能安全性、经济收益、节能效益、环境保护效益进行了分析。