Theranostic Interpolation of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a diverse disease caused by mutations in multiple genes accompanying epigenetic aberrations of hazardous genes and protein pathways, which distress tumor-suppressor genes and the expression of oncogenes. Alteration in any of the several physiological mechanisms such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair machinery, mitotic checkpoints, and telomere maintenance results in genomic instability. Theranostic has the potential to foretell and estimate therapy response, contributing a valuable opportunity to modify the ongoing treatments and has developed new treatment strategies in a personalized manner. “Omics” technologies play a key role while studying genomic instability in breast cancer, and broadly include various aspects of proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and tumor grading. Certain computational techniques have been designed to facilitate the early diagnosis of cancer and predict disease-specific therapies, which can produce many effective results. Several diverse tools are used to investigate genomic instability and underlying mechanisms. The current review aimed to explore the genomic landscape, tumor heterogeneity, and possible mechanisms of genomic instability involved in initiating breast cancer. We also discuss the implications of computational biology regarding mutational and pathway analyses, identification of prognostic markers, and the development of strategies for precision medicine. We also review different technologies required for the investigation of genomic instability in breast cancer cells, including recent therapeutic and preventive advances in breast cancer.     

Biosynthesized Gold Nanoclusters and Iron Complexes as Scaffolds for Multimodal Cancer Bioimaging

Cancer treatment has a far greater chance of success if the neoplasm is diagnosed before the onset of metastasis to vital organs. Hence, cancer early diagnosis is extremely important and remains a major challenge in modern therapeutics. In this contribution, facile and new method for rapid multimodal tumor bioimaging is reported by using biosynthesized iron complexes and gold nanoclusters via simple introduction of AuCl₄ ^? and Fe²⁺ ions. The observations demonstrate that the biosynthesized Au nanoclusters may act as fluorescent and computed tomography probes for cancer bioimaging while the iron complexes behave as effective contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The biosynthesized iron complexes and gold nanoclusters are found biocompatible in vitro (MTT (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay) and in vivo for all the vital organs of circulatory and excretory system. These observations raise the possibility that the biosynthesized probes may find applications in future clinical diagnosis for deep seated early neoplasms by multimodal imaging.     

Nutrient digestibility,performance and carcass traits of growing–finishing pigs fed diets containing graded levels of dehydrated lucerne meal

BACKGROUND: Plant breeders have attempted to improve the nutritonal value of lucerne (alfalfa) by selecting for higher protein and lower fibre concentrations. Although targeted at ruminants, such changes could also improve the nutritional value of lucerne for monogastrics. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of graded levels of dehydrated lucerne meal on nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass traits of swine. RESULTS: The digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy declined linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of lucerne meal in the diet increased. Including lucerne meal at levels greater than 75 g kg^?1 was detrimental to the growth rate of pigs during the growing period. During the finishing period, inclusion of lucerne meal at 75 and 150 g kg^?1 resulted in improvements in weight gain and feed intake. Carcass traits were generally unaffected by lucerne inclusion. CONCLUSION: Lucerne meal may have greater potential for inclusion in diets fed to growing–finishing pigs than previously realized. To maximize pig performance, lucerne meal should be limited to less than 75 g kg^?1 diet during the growing period, while it is possible to go as high as 150 g kg^?1 diet during the finishing period without detrimental effects on performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Maleated high oleic sunflower oil‐treated cellulose fiber‐based styrene butadiene rubber composites

Surface treatment of cellulose fibers was performed with maleated high oleic sunflower oil (MSOHO). The MSOHO‐treated cellulose fibers and unmodified cellulose fibers were dispersed in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) using a two roll mill. Vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) were also incorporated at only one parts per hundred rubber (phr) in unmodified cellulose fibers/SBR composites. The curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and water absorption of the resulting composites were determined. MSOHO‐treated fibers completed curing at much slower rate and also decreased the cure density of composites, compared to unmodified fibers. In contrast, the combination of VGCNF and unmodified cellulose fibers accelerated the SBR curing process, but reduced the cure density. MSOHO treatment improved the dispersion of the fibers in the SBR, which resulted in improved mechanical properties of composites. The composite incorporating 1 phr VGCNF and 15 phr unmodified cellulose fibers showed the greatest increase in tensile strength as compared with neat SBR. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1113–1121, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Laser Melting of Spark Plasma-Sintered Zirconium Carbide: Thermophysical Properties of a Generation IV Very High-Temperature Reactor Material

Melting temperatures of zirconium carbide were investigated in validating a novel thermal analysis technique for refractory materials. Commercial ZrC_0.96 powder was densified by spark plasma sintering to >96% relative density after 6–30 min at 2173–2453 K under 40–100 MPa. Sintered ceramics were heated to >4000 K via pulsed laser heating. Mean values for solidus and liquidus transitions were 3451 and 3608 K, respectively, in fair agreement with the present phase diagram. Postmelting analysis revealed dendritic microstructure and composition consistent with single-phase ZrC. Subsurface gas porosity and ZrC–C eutectic indicate complex processes occurring during melting and freezing.     

Geohydrological properties of selected badland sediments in Saskatchewan,Canada

Geological and seasonal weather variations govern the geohydrological properties of the Avonlea badlands in Saskatchewan, Canada. Three surface sediments exhibiting distinct lithologic variations were found: a steeply sloped and fissured sandstone; a mildly sloped and popcorn-textured mudrock; and a flat and eroded pediment. The fines content increased from the dry to the wet state, with contents of 17–33 % seen for sandstone, 4–98 % for mudrock, and 21–42 % for pediment. The water adsorption capacity was found to be highest for mudrock (w _l = 96 % and w _p = 47 %), followed by sandstone (w _l = 39 % and w _p = 31 %), and then by pediment (w _l = 31 % and w _p = 23 %). The soil water characteristic curves of sandstone and mudrock showed bimodal distributions with a low air entry value (6 and 9 kPa) pertaining to drainage through cracks and a high air entry value (160 and 92 kPa) associated with flow through the soil matrix. The pediment presented a unimodal soil water characteristic curve with a single matrix air entry value of 4 kPa. The saturated hydraulic conductivities for sandstone, mudrock, and pediment were measured as 8.5 × 10^?6, 4.0 × 10^?8, and 1.8 × 10^?5 m/s, respectively.     

A Noisy Channel Tolerant Image Encryption Scheme

In this paper, we present an image encryption scheme that has the capability to tolerate noisy effects of a wireless channel. This means if the encrypted image data is corrupted by channel noise up to a certain level, correct decryption is possible with some distortion. The proposed image encryption scheme relies on some very interesting properties of orthogonal matrices containing columns that form a set of orthonormal basis vectors. Besides being tolerant to noisy channels, the proposed scheme also provides good security against well-known cryptographic attacks as demonstrated in this paper by a number of experimental results and security analysis.