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11.
An analytical method for calculating static characteristics of linear dc step motors (LSM) is described. These multiphase passive-armature motors are now being developed for control rod drives (CRD) in large nuclear reactors. The static characteristics of such LSM is defined by the variation of electromagnetic force with armature displacement and it determines motor performance in its standing and dynamic modes of operation. The proposed analytical technique for calculating this characteristic is based on the permeance analysis method applied to phase magnetic circuits of LSM. Reluctances of various parts of phase magnetic circuit is calculated analytically by assuming probable flux paths and by taking into account complex nature of magnetic field distribution in it. For given armature positions stator and armature iron saturations are taken into account by an efficient iterative algorithm which gives fast convergence. The method is validated by comparing theoretical results with experimental ones which shows satisfactory agreement for small stator currents and weak iron saturation 相似文献
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13.
For viruses made of nucleic acid and protein, the structure of the protein outer shell has, in the past, been found to be uniquely determined by the viral genome. However, here, non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis of bacteriophage T7 reveals two states of the mature T7 capsid; the conditions of growth are found to alter the population by T7 of these two electrophoretically defined states. Both states have been previously observed for a genetically altered T7 and they are observed here for wild-type T7. The average electrical surface charge density of a bacteriophage particle (delta) determines its state; the delta of particles in both states is negative. For a given condition of growth, the population of these two states is influenced by the extent to which the major T7 outer shell protein, p10A, is accompanied by its minor readthrough variant, p10B. Comparison of the two electrophoretic states reveals the following. (1) No difference in radius is present in the outer shell (+/-2%). (2) As the pH of electrophoresis is either increased or decreased from neutrality, the state becomes more highly populated for which delta is greater in magnitude (state 1). By changing the pH, some T7 particles are made to change state. (3) Particles in state 1 adsorb less quickly to host cells than do the particles in the alternative state (state 2). This latter observation suggests the hypothesis that state 1 evolved to reduce the probability of re-initiating an infection when conditions are not favorable for growth. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that, as conditions of growth become apparently more unfavorable, progeny increasingly populate state 1. 相似文献
14.
S el-Shoura A Sheikha M al-Janadi N Morad AR Khan A Westmuckett 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,34(4):259-264
The ultrastructural features of histiocytes in the bone marrow (BM) were studied in a febrile, splenomegalic and pancytopenic Sudanese patient who was diagnosed by one of us as visceral leishmaniasis (VL) associated with low level of parasitaemia and mimicking malignant histiocytosis (MH). Serial thick (STS) and ultrathin (SUT) sections showed that the BM was hypercellular and markedly infiltrated by large histiocytes with prominent phagocytosis. A thorough examination of various ST and UT section revealed only a single, typical Leishman-Donovan body. At transmission electron microscopy (TEM) level, two principal types of histiocytic cells were identified: Type I, subdivided into two subtypes, were actively phagocytic histiocytes (PH) with large digestive vacuoles and primary lysosomes; type II were nonphagocytic histiocytes (nPH) with primary lysosomes only. The rate of PH to nPH ws 7:2 in plastic STS. The interaction between the PH and ingested cells is described. Both types of cell were morphologically similar to previously described malignant histiocytic cells. However, this study showed a better characterization of PH during VL. 相似文献
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16.
It is shown that the purely growing electrostatic rippling mode can couple with the shear Alfven wave to give rise to an oscillatory electromagnetic instability in tokamak edge regions. This mechanism can be one of the causes of electromagnetic fluctuations observed near plasma edges. This instability can occur only in the very low temperature regions where resistivity fluctuations can become important due to large electron-ion collision frequency. 相似文献
17.
Koudymov A. Xuhong Hu Simin K. Simin G. Ali M. Yang J. Asif Khan M. 《Electron Device Letters, IEEE》2002,23(8):449-451
We demonstrate a novel RF switch based on a multifinger AlGaN/GaN MOSHFET. Record high saturation current and breakdown voltage, extremely low gate leakage current and low gate capacitance of the III-N MOSHFETs make them excellent active elements for RF switching. Using a single element test circuit with 1-mm wide multifinger MOSHFET we achieved 0.27 dB insertion loss and more than 40 dB isolation. These parameters can be further improved by impedance matching and by using submicron gate devices. The maximum switching power extrapolated from the results for 1A/mm 100 /spl mu/m wide device exceeds 40 W for a 1-mm wide 2-A/mm MOSHFET. 相似文献
18.
The processing of images obtained from satellites often involves highly repetitive calculations on very large amounts of data. This processing is extremely time consuming when these calculations are performed on sequential machines. Parallel computers are well suited to handling computationally expensive operations such as higher order interpolations on large data sets. This paper decribes work undertaken to develop parallel implementations of a set of resampling procedures on an Alliant VFX/4. Each resampling procedure implemented has been optimised in three stages. First, the algorithm has been restructured, where two-dimensional resampling is performed by two one-dimensional resampling operations. Second, each procedure has been reprogrammed in such a way that the autoparallelisation provided by the FX/Fortran compiler has been exploited. Thirdly, data dependent analysis of each procedure has been performed in order to achieve full optimization of each procedure; each procedure has been restructured where appropriate to circumvent vectorisation and concurrency inhibiting data dependencies. The nature and extent of the code optimization achieved for each procedure is presented in this paper. The original code for the most computationally expensive procedure, as targeted at a sequential machine, was found to have an execution time of 4900 seconds on the Alliant VFX/4 when compiled with regular compiler optimization options. Following algorithmic redesigning and reprogramming of the code, as indicated in stage 1 and stage 2, the execution time was reduced to 248 seconds. Restructuring of the code following data dependency analysis indicated in stage 3 in order to avoid data dependencies and allow concurrency and vectorisation, further reduced execution time to 162 seconds. The consequence of this work is that higher-order resampling methods which had not previous been practical are now routinely performed on the Alliant VFX/4 at the University of Dundee. 相似文献
19.
Liaqat A. Khan Edward A. Wicklein E. C. Teixeira 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,132(7):741-746
A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a contact tank is presented in this paper. The model results are compared against 3D velocities and flow through curve (FTC) data, representing a tracer concentration profile, from a 1:8 scale physical model. The objective is to demonstrate that CFD models can simulate both the FTC and the 3D velocity field quite well. Simultaneous validation of velocities and FTC is important in ascertaining the predictive capabilities of CFD models, as physical model studies indicate that different baffle arrangements can lead to similar FTCs. Therefore, a good prediction of only FTC, as presented in previous 3D CFD model studies, does not necessarily imply a correct simulation of the flow field. 相似文献
20.
A study of radiation effects on various types of glasses, dielectric optical coatings, cemented optics and fiber was undertaken with a view to select them for extreme radiation environments. Samples were exposed to different radiation doses in the Pakistan Research Reactor-I (PARR-I) for neutron and Cobalt 60 source for gamma irradiation. Transmissions were measured before and after irradiation. The dielectric coatings were subjected to additional tests (adhesion, abrasion and humidity, etc.) as per MIL-M-13508C and MIL-C-675C. All 15 glasses studied showed varying amounts of transmission loss as expected, with negligible degradation for three types. Recovery of transmissions with time/ageing was also studied, with more or less complete recovery with temperature annealing. A faster bleaching of darkened/brown glasses was achieved by using UV lamps or UV laser. The dielectric coatings (HR, AR) and one of the two commercial optical cements showed excellent resistance to neutrons and gamma radiations, and could be good candidates for the fabrication and utilization of optical components in extreme radiation environments. The data allowed several Chinese glasses to be studied for the first time. 相似文献