Optimizing the Size of Micellar Nanoparticles for Efficient siRNA Delivery

Delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) by nanocarriers has shown promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, poor understanding of the correlation between the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers and their interactions with biological systems has significantly hindered its anticancer efficacy. Herein, in order to identify the optimal size of nanocarriers for siRNA delivery, different sized cationic micellar nanoparticles (MNPs) (40, 90, 130, and 180 nm) are developed that exhibit similar siRNA binding efficacies, shapes, surface charges, and surface chemistries (PEGylation) to ensure size is the only variable. Size‐dependent biological effects are carefully and comprehensively evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Among these nanocarriers, the 90 nm MNPs show the optimal balance of prolonged circulation and cellular uptake by tumor cells, which result in the highest retention in tumor cells. In contrast, larger MNPs are rapidly cleared from the circulation and smaller MNPs are inefficiently taken up by tumor cells. Accordingly, 90 nm MNPs carrying polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1)‐specific siRNA (siPlk1) show superior antitumor efficacy, indicating that 90 nm could either be the optimal size for systemic delivery of siRNA or close to it. Our findings provide valuable information for rationally designing nanocarriers for siRNA‐based cancer therapy in the future.     

Self‐Assembling Prodrugs by Precise Programming of Molecular Structures that Contribute Distinct Stability,Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Efficacy

The availability of precisely modulated chemical modifications dramatically affects the physicochemical properties of pristine drugs and should facilitate the amphiphilic self‐assembly of prodrugs into supramolecular nanoprodrugs (SNPs). However, rationally designing such prodrugs to achieve favorable clinical outcomes still remains a challenge. Here, a library of prodrugs through site‐specific attachment of a variety of lipophilic moieties to the antitumor agent SN‐38 (7‐ethyl‐10‐hydroxycamptothecin) is constructed. Taking advantage of the role of hydroxyl groups as solvophilic moieties, these prodrugs exhibit self‐assembly in aqueous environments, allowing for the identification of five prodrugs capable of self‐assembling into SNPs at high drug concentrations. Importantly, in vivo studies demonstrate that the antitumor activity of the SNPs correlates well with their stability and long‐term circulation. In addition, the modular feature of this SNP design strategy offers the opportunity to readily incorporate additional valuable functionalities (e.g., tumor‐specific targeting ligands) to the particle surface, which is further exploited to improve antitumor efficacy in mouse xenograft models. Thus, this structure‐based reconstruction of SN‐38 molecules significantly improves the potency of SNPs for clinical use. These results also provide novel mechanistic insights into the rational design of prodrugs.     

基于Internet的高校体育教学信息网页的设计与实现

通过分析高校体育网页建设的可行性及现状,提出了基于Internet的体育教学信息网页的总体设计,简要介绍了系统各功能模块及数据库设计,讨论了采用ASP、JavaScript技术及ACCESS开发系统的数据库访问技术和动态网页制作技术,并给出了部分实现代码.     

旋转翼无人机低功率激光探测系统

由于现存系统存在误判点较多、信号分割点方差较大的问题,因此,提出一种新的旋转翼无人机低功率激光探测系统,并对其进行深入研究.系统的硬件构成为:音频采集模块、激光探测模块、电源模块、微处理器模块、光学组件模块.其中音频采集模块主要由麦克风阵列、音频同步编解码电路以及信号调理电路构成;激光探测模块由距离激光传感器、二维激光...     

基于线结构光旋转扫描和光条纹修复的三维视觉测量技术研究

非接触式三维视觉测量广泛应用在工业制造质量检测中。针对工业金属零部件检测的应用场景,提出了一种基于线结构光旋转扫描和光条纹修复的三维视觉测量方案。首先,通过基于线结构光投影的计算机视觉技术,设计了线结构光旋转扫描视觉子系统,并对工业相机、线结构光平面和旋转扫描中心轴进行标定;然后,针对采集到的光条纹图像存在低灰度区域缺失数据的问题,提出了基于缺失区域自适应灰度增强的光条纹中心线提取算法,有效修复了被测零部件的线结构光投影条纹;同时,利用文中提出的线结构光三维视觉测量方案,通过重建标准球棒的表面点云计算两球直径和球间距来评价测量系统的精度,测量系统精度优于0.06 mm;最后,进行金属轮毂外轮廓形貌测量,通过重复性实验计算轮毂外轮廓最大半径,验证重复性误差优于0.03%。实验结果表明:该方法可以无损伤、高效率、高精度地实现工业金属零部件三维测量,弥补了接触式三维测量方法的缺陷。     

Hollow Multishelled Structure of Heterogeneous Co3O4–CeO2−x Nanocomposite for CO Catalytic Oxidation

Herein, hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) of Co₃O₄–CeO_2?x nanocomposites with controllable molar ratio of Co and Ce elements is synthesized by a general strategy sequential templating approach (STA) with a facile and efficient electrostatic spray process. As a catalyst of carbon monoxide (CO) catalytic oxidation, Co₃O₄–CeO_2?x (Co/Ce = 4/1) HoMS achieves good catalytic activity (complete conversion temperature is 166.9 °C) and stability (100 h). This performance is attributed to synergistic effects between the two components. The combination of Co₃O₄ and CeO₂ not only generates more interfaces of Co₃O₄–CeO_2?x, which is more favorable for the activation of oxygen, but also improves the oxidizability of Co₃O₄ as well as the capacity of oxygen storage of CeO₂. In addition, the relatively larger effective specific surface area of the HoMS can provide more active sites, while the unique structure of HoMS can facilitate gas diffusion and maintain structural stability.     

A Marine‐Inspired Hybrid Sponge for Highly Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater

Marine sponges are used as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination in coastal environment as they process large amounts of water and have a high capacity for accumulating heavy metals. Here, inspired by the unique physical and physiological features of marine sponges, a surface engineered synthetic sponge for the highly efficient harvesting of uranium from natural seawater is developed. An ultrathin poly(imide dioxime) (PIDO)/alginate (Alg) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel layer is uniformly wrapped around the skeleton of a melamine sponge (MS) substrate through a simple dipping–drying–crosslinking process, providing the hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge with excellent uranium adsorption performance and sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the harsh conditions of practical applications. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches 910.98 mg‐U g‐gel^‐1 for the PIDO/Alg hydrogel layer and 291.51 mg‐U g‐sponge^‐1 for the whole hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge in uranium‐spiked natural seawater. The adsorption capacity measured after 56 d of exposure in 5 tons of natural seawater is evaluated to be 5.84 mg‐U g‐gel^‐1 (1.87 mg‐U g‐sponge^‐1). This novel approach shows great promise for the mass production of high‐performance sponge adsorbent for uranium recovery from natural seawater and nuclear waste.     

Highly Stretchable and Wearable Thermotherapy Pad with Micropatterned Thermochromic Display Based on Ag Nanowire–Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite

Due to the increasing interest in wearable devices, flexible and stretchable film heaters have been widely studied, as alternatives to heaters with conventional rigid shapes. Herein, a highly stretchable film heater (SFH) based on the silver nanowire (Ag NW)–single‐walled carbon nanotube composite with a thermochromic display on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate is successfully fabricated. The SFH shows excellent electrical conductivity, high mechanical stretchability, and outstanding reliability, with no significant degradation after 10 000 stretching cycles under tensile strain. The SFH can be heated to the target temperature (≈60 °C) within 30 s at a low applied voltage. In addition, a thermochromic display is fabricated to help prevent the risk of low‐temperature burns. Red (R), green (G), and blue (B) thermochromic microparticles (TMPs) are synthesized using drop‐based microfluidic technology. The TMPs show RGB colors at room temperature but change to a white color above a certain temperature. The TMPs are arrayed into a PDMS stencil on the basis of their particle sizes using the rubbing technique. The micropatterned thermochromic display, which functions as a visual alarm, combined with the SFH can pave the way for the development of thermotherapy pads for next‐generation wearable devices in the medical field.     

A Molecular‐Cage Strategy Enabling Efficient Chemisorption–Electrocatalytic Interface in Nanostructured Li2S Cathode for Li Metal‐Free Rechargeable Cells with High Energy

Using high‐capacity and metallic Li‐free lithium sulfide (Li₂S) cathodes offers an alternative solution to address serious safety risks and performance decay caused by uncontrolled dendrite hazards of Li metal anodes in next‐generation Li metal batteries. Practical applications of such a cathode, however, still suffer from low redox activity, unaffordable cost, and poor processability of infusible and moisture‐sensitive Li₂S. Herein, these difficulties are addressed by developing a molecular cage–engaged strategy that enables low‐cost production and interfacial engineering of Li₂S cathodes for rechargeable Li₂S//Si cells. An efficient chemisorption–electrocatalytic interface is built in extremely nanostructured Li₂S cathodes by harnessing the confinement/separation effect of metal–organic molecular cages on ionic clusters of air‐stable, soluble, and low‐cost Li salt and their chemical transformation. It effectively boosts the redox activity toward Li₂S activation/dissociation and polysulfide chemisorption–conversion in Li‐S batteries, leading to low activation voltage barrier, stable cycle life of 1000 cycles, ultrafast current rate up to 8 C, and high areal capacities of Li₂S cathodes with high mass loading. Encouragingly, this highly active Li₂S cathode can be applied for constructing truly workable Li₂S//Si cells with a high specific energy of 673 Wh kg^?1 and stable performance for 200 cycles at high rates against hollow nanostructured Si anode.