Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multi-Site Study

Recently, strategies beyond pharmacological and psychological treatments have been developed for the management of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been employed as an adjunctive treatment in cases of treatment-refractory OCD. Here, we investigate six weeks of low frequency rTMS, applied bilaterally and simultaneously over the sensory motor area, in OCD patients in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Twenty-two participants were randomly enrolled into the treatment (ACTIVE = 10) or placebo (SHAM = 12) groups. At each of seven visits (baseline; day 1 and weeks 2, 4, and 6 of treatment; and two and six weeks after treatment) the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was administered. At the end of the six weeks of rTMS, patients in the ACTIVE group showed a clinically significant decrease in Y-BOCS scores compared to both the baseline and the SHAM group. This effect was maintained six weeks following the end of rTMS treatment. Therefore, in this sample, rTMS appeared to significantly improve the OCD symptoms of the treated patients beyond the treatment window. More studies need to be conducted to determine the generalizability of these findings and to define the duration of rTMS’ clinical effect on the Y-BOCS. Clinical Trial Registration Number (NCT) at www.clinicaltrials.gov: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00616486","term_id":"NCT00616486"}}NCT00616486.     

PVP及其共聚物的残量NVP单体的气相色谱测定法

研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 ( PVP)及其共聚物残量的乙烯基吡咯烷酮 ( NVP)单体气相色谱分析方法。使用 2 0 %聚二乙二醇丁二酸酯 /硅烷化 1 0 2白色担体填充色谱柱 ,选出了最佳的色谱分析条件。该方法有较好的精密度和准确度 ,并且分析速度快。可用于定量分析 PVP产品以及有关NVP聚合反应中的残量 NVP单体     

Chelation of chitosan derivatives with zinc ions. II. Association complexes of Zn2+ onto O,N‐carboxymethyl chitosan

The chelation of zinc ions onto O,N‐carboxymethyl chitosan (ONCMCh) was characterized using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the FTIR spectra, little change in the absorption intensities and frequencies at 3300–3600 cm⁻¹ of Zn²⁺ ONCMCh chelated specimens suggested that  OH and  NH₂ groups were not participating in the chelation reaction. The absence of absorption bands at 1755–1700 cm⁻¹ suggested that the carboxyl group CO was not ionized, and the ionized CO bands were observed at 1400–1600 cm⁻¹ for chelated specimens. Thus, the chelation sites took place at the carboxyl group rather than at the  OH and NH₂ groups. It also confirmed that water‐insoluble chelates, which were formed through the Zn O and Zn N bonds, presented a tetrahedral structure. The water‐soluble complexes where zinc ions connected with oxygen of CO and water molecules were only due to electron attraction. Formation of different microstructures on the surfaces, as revealed by SEM, provided evidence to distinguish different chelating mechanisms between water‐soluble and water‐insoluble complexes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1476–1485, 2001     

城市土地利用中的土壤污染问题及修复技术探讨

城市土壤对城市生态与环境的可持续发展有着重要意义。因此,因城市土地利用而引起土壤污染问题已经引起人们的高度重视。本文总结并阐述了城市土壤污染的主要来源及类型,并对近年来国内外广泛采用的相关修复技术进行比较、分析,以期为改善城市生态环境质量提供重要的科学依据。     

Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance properties of all geometrical isomers of conjugated linoleic acids

Pure geometric isomers of conjugated linoleic acid were prepared from castor oil as the primary starting material. Methyl octadeca-9Z, 11E-dienoate (2) and methyl octadeca-9Z, 11Z-dienoate (4) were obtained by zinc reduction of methyl santalbate (1, methyl octadec-11E-en-9-ynoate) and methyl octadec-11 Z-en-9-ynoate (3), respectively, as the key intermediates. Methyl octadeca-9E, 11E-dienoate (8) and methyl octadeca-9E, 11Z-dienoate (9) were prepared by demesylation of the mesyloxy derivative of methyl ricinelaidate (6, methyl 12-hydroxy-octadec-9 E-enoate). A study of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectral properties was carried out and the shifts of the olefinic carbon atoms of 18:2(9Z, 11E) (2) and 18:2(9E, 11Z) (9) were readily identified by a combination of incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, and ¹H−¹³C correlation spectroscopy correlation techniques. Doubts remain in the absolute identification of the individual olefinic carbon atoms of the 18:2(9Z, 11Z) (4) and 18:2(9E, 11E) (8), except the fact that the shifts of the “inner” (C-10 and C-11) and “outer” (C-9 and C-12) positioned olefinic carbon atoms of the conjugated diene system are distinguishable.     

Porosity‐dependent properties of Nb‐doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics

In the present work, it is shown how the controlled porosity can be exploited to obtain a compromise between a reduced permittivity down to a few hundreds and maintaining a high tunability level as in the dense material, to fulfill requirements for tunable applications. Nb‐doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ ceramics with porosity in the range 5%‐30% have been prepared by direct sintering method. X‐ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement indicated a co‐existence of tetragonal and monoclinic phases in the porous ceramics. Dielectric properties revealed a gradual reduction in permittivity when increasing the porosity level, while maintaining low dielectric losses below 3%. The ferroelectric switching behavior is also influenced by the porosity level: a continuous reduction in the saturation and remnant polarization is observed with increasing porosity. The nonlinear dielectric properties of all the investigated ceramics preserve a high level of tunability in comparison with one of the dense material, irrespective of the porosity level, while zero field permittivity was decreased below 1000. An optimum behavior is found for the ceramic sample with 25% porosity, which shows a high tunability, smaller losses, and moderate dielectric constant (ε ~600).     

Combination of double‐modified clay and polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride for the simultaneously improved thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene

Double‐modified montmorillonite (MMT) was first prepared by covalent modification of MMT with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and then intercalation modification by tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium ions. The obtained double‐modified MMT was melt compounded with polypropylene (PP) to obtain nanocomposites. The dispersion of the double‐modified MMT in PP was found to be greatly improved by the addition of PP‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MA) as a “compatibilizer,” whose anhydride groups can react with the amino groups on the surface of the double‐modified MMT platelets and thus improve the dispersion of MMT in PP. Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile test were used to characterize the structure of the double‐modified MMT, morphology, and the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The results show that PP‐g‐MA promotes the formation of exfoliated/intercalated morphology and obviously increases the thermal properties, tensile strength, and Young's modulus of the PP/double‐modified MMT nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

生产过程无组织排放速率的估算与削减措施

总结了化工及石化生产过程中机泵类设备及管道连接件无组织排放速率的估算方法和削减此类无组织排放的有效技术措施,结合某化工项目环评中无组织排放量的计算,说明了各类估算方法的适用性,并对不同情况下估算方法的合理选择提出了建议。     

Polyol-Derived Alkoxide/Hydroxide Base Catalysts II: Transesterification Reactions

Biodiesel, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), was produced by transesterification of canola oil with methanol in the presence of a series of alkoxide/hydroxide base catalysts produced from glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, xylitol, or sorbitol produced by dehydration reaction of sodium hydroxide in the presence of polyols. Transesterification reactions proceeded efficiently in the presence of sodium alkoxide catalysts prepared at three different mole ratios of sodium hydroxide to glycerol (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1). The production of methyl ester during the course of the reaction was determined repeatedly and the reaction progress was compared with that achieved in a reaction catalyzed by freshly prepared anhydrous sodium methoxide as a standard catalyst. Sodium alkoxide/hydroxide catalysts activity during the first 2 min of the reaction was in the order of: sorbitol < xylitol < sodium methoxide < 1,2-propanediol < 1,3-propanediol < glycerol regardless of the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to glycerol. All catalysts showed a higher methyl ester accumulation at higher ratios of sodium hydroxide to polyol and had the following order 1:1 < 2:1 < 3:1 (sodium hydroxide:glycerol). Several of these catalysts were as powerful as sodium methoxide in catalyzing the transesterification reaction at the same mole concentration. All alkoxide/hydroxide catalysts resulted in a high FAME accumulation (>95 wt%) in a single transesterification batch reaction.     

掺复合减水剂生土改性材料流变与力学性能研究

研究了掺木质素和萘系减水剂与激发剂的改性生土材料流变和力学性能.当水灰比为0.6时,萘系减水剂∶木质素减水剂为4∶6,掺量为1％时,改性生土泥浆的分散效果最好;当水灰比为0.5时,萘系∶木质素减水剂为6∶4,掺量为1％时,改性生土泥浆的分散效果最好.掺木质素和萘系复合减水剂与激发剂的改性生土材料,其生土强度提高最大;复合减水剂的比例为萘系∶木质素=1∶1和复合减水剂掺量为1％,生土改性材料抗压强度达到40MPa.