Freeze-form extrusion fabrication of functionally graded materials

Presented in this paper is a novel additive manufacturing technology for making three-dimensional parts with functionally graded materials (FGMs), called Freeze-form Extrusion Fabrication (FEF). The system development included a triple-extruder mechanism, extruder modeling and control, pastes extrusion planning for desired composition gradients, and software coding for motion and extrusion control. The effectiveness of the developed FEF system was demonstrated first by fabricating limestone (CaCO₃) parts with graded colors and then by fabricating ‘green’ parts with graded compositions between alumina (Al₂O₃) and zirconia (ZrO₂). The fabricated part went through post-processing, and the sintered part was analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to determine its material compositions.     

科技信息时代下关于体育教学的几点思考

21世纪是一个全新的世纪,不论是信息技术还是科学研究都呈现着卓越的能力。在新的世纪里,科学信息技术的不断发展和全面普及,使得人们生活的环境已经没有时间空间的限制。教育成为了社会发展当中最主要的一个影响因素,已经受到人们的热切关注。通过教育培养出现代化的人才,更加成为了全世界所关注的焦点问题。在体育教学过程当中怎样为培养人才做出具体的贡献,成为了体育教学活动当中的重点问题。面对新的信息时代,体育教学的改革方向该何去何从成为了体育教学工作者最关心的问题。在本文当中,对新的时代之下体育教学的改革的问题提出了几点建议,如何利用信息科学技术让体育教育在改革的道路上走的更快一些。     

A continual improvement framework with integration of CMMI and six‐sigma model for auto industry

During the recent years, the major driving forces of customer preference, vehicle safety, environmental protection, and flat demand for new cars led to a proliferation of car models and associated price reduction in the auto supply chain. To react to the complex and competitive environment, auto suppliers are urgent to conduct continual improvement (CI) in an effective and systematic way. Thus, this paper presents a framework for CI. The Integrated Development System is proposed to integrate both capability maturity model integration and six‐sigma approach. By implementing the framework, an automaker can establish a solid process‐based management system, identify critical processes, and optimize these processes. For demonstrating the application of this framework, a case study is presented and the result shows that all expected processes' performance targets are achieved, which has dramatically improved by 70% compared with the past records. Apparently, the proposed framework would act as a useful reference to improve an organization's process maturity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental Verification of Doppler Effect with the Refraction Method

The traditional methad of measuring Dopplr Effect is either reflection or dispersion.This article clarifies that it can also verify the Doppler Effect with the refraction method.We have designed the experimental system with the method of optical heterodyne,using the refraction light beam from a prism,and made the experiment.The experimental results are in accordance with the theoreticai calculation.It is very useful in some particular case,such as in Negative-Index Materials(NIM),to verify the Doppler Effect with this method.     

Experimental study on the external electrical thermal and dynamic power characteristics of alkaline water electrolyzer

As hydrogen production with a water electrolyzer is an effective way for renewable energy consumption, understanding the external electrical characteristics of water electrolyzer is of great significance for the modeling and simulation, system configuration, and control strategy of the system for hydrogen production by renewable energy. However, there are relatively fewer studies in this area. This paper presents the establishment of an experimental platform to conduct an experimental study on the static and dynamic voltage‐current characteristics and analyze the adjustability of the electric power of the traditional alkaline water electrolyzer, the relationship between the electrical characteristics and the electrolyte temperature, and operating point of the alkaline water electrolyzer. In addition, the mathematical fitting problem of the electrical characteristics of the alkaline water electrolyzer is discussed. The work could supply a reference to alkaline water electrolyzer intergrated application in renewable energy.     

The effects of social category norms and stereotypes on explanations for intergroup differences.

A 2-stage model of the construction of explanations for differences between groups is presented. Category norms affect which of 2 groups becomes "the effect to be explained," and stereotypes shape attributions about that group. In 3 experiments, 288 participants wrote explanations for differences between gay and straight men. Explanations focused on gay men who were also judged to have more mutable attributes. However, these effects were not correlated. Participants focused explanations on straight men when explicitly instructed to do so (Experiment 1). Explanations focused on both groups equally when the gay men constituted the numerically larger sample, when gay men were more typical of the overarching category (i.e., people with AMS) than straight men, or when more straight men were described as performing the behavior (Experiment 2). Stereotype-consistent information prompted more essentialist references and fewer reconstructive references to gay men than did stereotype-inconsistent information (Experiment 3). The relevance of this model for theories of norms, stereotypes, and for the conduct of social science is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A context switchable fuzzy inference chip

This paper describes a novel design of a fuzzy inference chip that allows for real-time online context switching. A context refers to a situation or scenario of an application requiring specific domain knowledge. In particular, our focus is on the class of applications involving embedded fuzzy control. The domain knowledge therefore refers to fuzzy rules and memberships. The kind of applications being considered is real-time in nature, which necessitates the implementation of hardware for fuzzy inferencing. The chip architecture is described and details on the design of the chip is presented.     

Dual protection of JPEG images based on informed embedding and two-stage watermark extraction techniques

In this paper, the authors propose a watermarking scheme that embeds both image-dependent and fixed-part marks for dual protection (content authentication and copyright claim) of JPEG images. To achieve the goals of efficiency, imperceptibility, and robustness, a compressed-domain informed embedding algorithm, which incorporates the Lagrangian multiplier optimization approach and an adjustment procedure, is developed. A two-stage watermark extraction procedure is devised to achieve the functionality of dual protection. In the first stage, the semifragile watermark in each local channel is extracted for content authentication. Then, in the second stage, a weighted soft-decision decoder, which weights the signal detected in each channel according to the estimated channel condition, is used to improve the recovery rate of the fixed-part watermark for copyright protection. The experiment results manifest that the proposed scheme not only achieve dual protection of the image content, but also maintain higher visual quality (an average of 6.69 dB better than a comparable approach) for a specified level of watermark robustness. In addition, the overall computing load is low enough to be practical in real-time applications.     

指尖密封型线力学性能的有限元分析

提出了可用于指尖密封结构的4种指尖型线，并给出了相应的型线坐标方程，在Ansys有限元分析软件的支持下，建立了4种型线的指尖密封结构有限元数学模型。进行了相应的分析计算，计算结果表明。在规定的参数条件下，抛物线螺线，阿基米德螺线和对数螺线3种型线的指尖密封结构较之渐开线型线的指尖密封结构具有更好的力学性能，这一研究对实际应用中指尖密封型线的选择以及指尖密封技术的深入研究均具有较大的意义。     

轨道交通工程业主WBS方法与实践

WBS( Work Breakdown Structure,工作分解结构 )是按照系统的原理把项目分解为可控的且宜操作的工作单元,并对工作单元的内容进行界定.因此,讨论业主WBS的意义,分析其与一般施工WBS分解不同之处,总结了业主在分解过程中可用的一般分解方法和适用于轨道工程的分解方法.最后,给出了一个轨道交通工程WBS分解的实例.