简易自动喷水灭火系统在中小型场所中的应用

通过中小型场所的火灾实体模拟试验,说明了在中小型场所中设置简易自动喷水灭火系统的可行性和重要性。     

The creation of the incapable social tenant in Flanders,Belgium. An appraisal

As long as the social rented sector housed traditional families and the allocation procedures were rather loose, there was little commotion about the sector. A combination of a change in family structures, economic changes, and the strengthening of allocation procedures in favour of those most in need did change perceptions. Marginalisation and ghettoisation, especially of high-rise social housing estates, became buzzwords. This paper deals with the causes of these changes and with their implications. The marginalisation discourse calls for enlarging the target groups and estate-specific allocation procedures (to obtain a `social mix'). It illustrates a profound desire to diminish the number of ethnic minorities, single parents, single-person households and all kinds of people with a weak income profile who gain access to social rental housing. Furthermore, this discourse is reaching a crescendo: after it was started in the early 1990s by staff members of local social housing companies, it passed through the union of the social housing companies, the umbrella organisation of the sector, and parliament, reaching its greatest momentum so far in early 2002 when it was adopted by the Flemish housing minister. The counterpoint to this negative discourse is the high degree of satisfaction among social tenants, as observed in a study carried out in 1999. In our paper we will try to explain the background of these opposing trends and the possible consequences for the social rental housing in general and for tenants in particular.     

泡沫模板与节能建筑

在建筑施工中，模板通常需要反复支、拆和重复使用，而且希望其次数越多越好。可是有一种模板，现在还不常用，它只能使用１次，在混凝土达到拆模强度时不再拆除脱离混凝土而是作为混凝土结构的一部分，有人称其为“永久性模板”，英文称：Ｓｔａｙ－ｉｎ－ｐｌａｃｅｆｏ...     

QDCORS在青岛地铁控制网中的应用研究

提出以QDCORS作为青岛地铁卫星定位控制网的起算基准,介绍外业观测时的注意事项及数据解算时的流程,结合其在青岛地铁控制网中的应用和数据分析说明了用CORS作为城市地铁控制网的起算数据可以有效保证各条地铁线路空间基准的统一性。     

油管传输射孔(TCP)用尾声信号弹的研究

针对深井油管传输射孔作业中TCP监测识别系统无法监测到尾声信号弹发出的震动信号,同时存在尾声信号弹造成遇卡事故等问题,对尾声信号弹结构进行研究。通过ANSYS LS-DYNA仿真分析和地面试验验证,确定主装药采用分散装药,相比集中装药减轻了爆炸产物对本体的冲击,提升了主装药装药量。此外,本体采用非对称圆形泄压孔设计方案(一侧为φ8mm圆孔、另一侧为大于φ14mm圆孔)。地面试验结果表明该设计的外径胀大尺寸满足要求,有效减少了尾声信号弹的爆炸碎屑,降低了射孔管串在上提时遇卡的风险。大庆油田的使用效果说明其有效提升了TCP监测系统监测的成功率。     

中国小说叙述视角的语言审美功能--小说语言美学系列之二

小说叙述语言因叙述视角的不同而呈现不同的审美功能,像全能视角的叙述语言注重讲故事的传奇性和超越性,提供全方位的审美感知。而外部视角和内部视角的叙述语言则注重叙事的外在客观真实性和内在主观真实性,追求典型、深刻、细腻、传神的本真效果,是拓展型的审美品味和原生态的审美透视。中国小说叙述语言在这些方面显示了突出而又独到的特点。     

The potential use of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fabaceae</Emphasis> lianas fibers in papermaking

The objective of this study was to anatomically characterize the fibers of nine species of Fabaceae lianas, to determine their potential in papermaking and to define which biometric parameters can be used to distinguish and identify individuals. The species presented average values of 76.81, 57.45, 42.55, and 1.81 for the felting index, wall fraction, coefficient of flexibility, and Runkel index, respectively. It is concluded that only M. ferox and M. madeirense can be recommended for papermaking.     

The impact of natural and artificial weathering on the visual,colour and structural changes of seven tropical woods

This study investigates the effects of wood weathering on changes in its macroscopic and colour characteristics in connection with changes in its molecular and anatomical structure. Seven hardwoods suitable for outdoor architecture—bangkirai, cumaru, cumaru rosa, ipé, jatobá, kusia, and massaranduba—were exposed to the exterior out of ground contact for 1–36 months according to EN 927-3, and for 1–12 weeks in Xenotest with water spraying according to partly modified EN 927-6. With prolonged weathering, the following changes occurred in the top surfaces of all tropical woods: (1) visual—creation of longitudinal macro-cracks, (2) spectrophotometry and CIE-L ^? a ^? b ^? —darkening in exterior exposure mainly due to pollutants, except for ipé, and vice versa lightening in Xenotest, as well as greening and blueing in both modes of exposure, (3) FTIR—faster decrease of guaiacyl than syringyl lignin, absolute decrease of conjugated and unconjugated carbonyl groups in the newly formed lignin-polysaccharide-extractive substrate in the photo-oxidized and washed-out cell walls, and decrease of cellulose crystallinity, (4) SEM—damaging of cell-walls by micro-cracks, and their degradation by thinning. Connections between changes of the individual characteristics of weathered woods, for example, between the colour (ΔE*, etc.) and the molecular structure (carbonyls, etc.), were also determined.     

Characteristics of cricket (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gryllus bimaculatus</Emphasis>) chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles

The field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is commonly consumed as food in different parts of the world. This study was performed to characterize the chitosan extracted from crickets and to assess its potential use to the growing functional market. The degree of deacetylation (DA), Fourier-transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, molecular mass, scanning electron microscopy spectra, and color were measured. Cricket chitosan nanoparticles were prepared, and the optimal conditions were identified. The molecular mass of the cricket chitosan was lower than that of commercial chitosan; however, the DA, FTIR, and XRD spectra were similar. The particle size (208.27 ± 3.47 nm), zeta potential (35.72 ± 1.29 mV), and polydispersity index (PDI: 0.27 ± 0.03) of the cricket chitosan NPs were superior to the commercial. Addition of NaCl reduced the cricket chitosan NPs size up to 15.5%. This finding is a novel trial to prove the availability of the insect chitosan with a low molecular mass as an active carrier source.     

闵行LNG汽车加气与灌装示范站低温预冷技术探讨

LNG(液化天然气)站的低温设备及工艺管道预冷是场站投产前的关键环节,以上海市闵行LNG汽车加气与灌装示范站工程站内低温设备及工艺管道预冷施工为例,分析阐述了LNG场站预冷的目的和原则,预冷的关键技术以及预冷后的注意事项等,并对工程进行总结归纳,对后续类似工程施工有一定指导作用。