Influences of heat-treatment on the microstructure and properties of silica–titania composite aerogels

Silica–titania composite aerogels were synthesized via ambient pressure drying by using water glass and titanium tetrachloride as raw materials. The influences of heat-treatment at different temperature with different heating rate on the microstructure and properties of the composite aerogels were investigated by differential thermal analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis. The results indicate that the silica–titania composite aerogels heat-treated at 250 °C exhibited highest specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter. When the heat-treatment temperature was higher than 450 °C, the –CH₃ groups on the surface of silica–titania composite aerogels would transform into –OH groups gradually, and in the meantime, the composite aerogels network structure would be destroyed gradually and the crystallinity of TiO₂ would be improved with the increase of heat-treatment temperature. Particularly, heat-treatment at temperatures above 750 °C would cause serious damage to the network structure of the composite aerogels. The adsorption/photocatalytic activity experiments showed that the composite aerogels heat-treated at 550 °C exhibit highest darkroom adsorption efficiency, and the 650 °C-heat-treated samples exhibited highest efficiency for removing the Rhodamine B from water.     

Quality dependence study on dimensions for plano-concave molded glass lenses

A comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the quality dependence of a plano-concave molded glass lens on its own dimensions, i.e. the effective diameter, sag ratio, and center thickness ratio. To achieve this goal, a thermal-displacement coupled finite element analysis was carried out on the whole molding process, in order to get the results of curve deviation, temperature gradient, and residual stress with sets of variations in these dimensions. Then Taguchi method, one approach for design of experiments, was incorporated to conduct sensitivity analysis on the simulation results to figure out the dominating sequence of these dimensions. The results show that the effective diameter is the most influential factor among these three dimensions. In addition, curve deviation is sensitively proportional to diameter and sag ratio, but decreases insignificantly with greater center thickness ratio. However, residual stress is distinctly proportional to diameter and center thickness ratio, but increases very slightly with greater sag ratio. Results also confirmed the consequential relationship between temperature gradient and residual stress. These discoveries are fundamentally meaningful in getting an overall understanding of the dimensions’ influence on the molded lens quality, thus will help make decision in choosing proper dimensions for optical design.     

MTBE装置设备腐蚀的探讨

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)装置生产过程中普遍存在设备酸腐蚀的问题,通过对MTBE生产装置各工艺系统中可能产生的酸进行理论分析,认定甲酸的存在是设备腐蚀的主要原因。甲酸的来源为甲醇原料带入(甲酸质量分数在0.001 5%以下)、甲酸盐与催化剂磺酸离子交换产生、甲醇原料带入的甲酸甲酯(质量分数0.01%以上)在生产过程中水解产生。根据理论分析结合实际生产数据推断,甲酸甲酯水解是甲酸的主要来源,因此提出在甲醇原料的采购指标中增加甲酸甲酯含量分析的监控指标,要求甲酸甲酯的质量分数控制在0.005%以下,能有效减少甲酸的生成,达到控制设备腐蚀的目的。     

Metal‐Free Autoxidative Nitrooxylation of Alkenyl Oximes with Molecular Oxygen

A metal‐free aerobic autoxidative nitrooxylation of alkenyl oximes mediated by tert‐butyl nitrite is described. Molecular oxygen is used as the oxidizing reagent, avoiding use of organic trapping reagents such as 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl (TEMPO). The desired products were obtained in generally high yields.

     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Aromatic C−H Bonds with Alcohols using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as the Carbon Monoxide Source

With molybdenum hexacarbonyl as the carbon monoxide source, a general palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative transformation of the C−H bond on aromatic rings to produce esters has been developed. Good yields of the corresponding products have been obtained with wide functional group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity. A variety of aliphatic alcohols are suitable reactants here.

     

Enantioselective Construction of Cyclic Enaminone‐Based 3‐Substituted 3‐Amino‐2‐oxindole Scaffolds via Catalytic Asymmetric Additions of Isatin‐Derived Imines

The first catalytic asymmetric construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold with potential bioactivity has been developed via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed enantioselective addition reactions of cyclic enaminones to isatin‐derived imines, which afforded a series of cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 97% ee). The investigation of the reaction mechanism suggested that it was facilitated by a dual hydrogen‐bonding activation mode between the two substrates and the chiral phosphoric acid. Besides, this method could be utilized for a large‐scale synthesis with maintained enantioselectivity. This approach will not only offer a useful method for enantioselective construction of the cyclic enaminone‐based 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindole scaffold, but also enrich the research on catalytic asymmetric addition reactions of isatin‐derived imines by using electron‐rich olefins as nucleophiles. More importantly, a preliminary evaluation on the cytotoxicity of some selected products revealed that two of the enantio‐pure compounds exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity to A549, 786‐0, ECA109 and BT474 cancer cell lines.

     

Stability analysis of deep-buried hard rock underground laboratories based on stereophotogrammetry and discontinuity identification

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - In a tunnel, instabilities in the surrounding rock mostly occur within the sidewalls and crown. After acquiring the rock mass structure, a...     

喷涂聚脲弹性体改性的研究进展

综述了喷涂聚脲弹性体的改性方法,重点介绍了环氧树脂、有机硅、酚醛树脂、液态聚硫橡胶改性喷涂聚脲弹性体的反应机理及改性后材料的性能变化特点.利用不同材料改性的方法,喷涂聚脲弹性体除保留原有的性能优势外,收缩率还明显减小,附着力得到改善,耐温及耐化学介质等方面性能也得以提高,扩大了其应用范围.     

离心式循环压缩机叶轮内部流场的数值模拟

运用大型CFD软件FLUENT采用标准κ-ε湍流模型进行数值模拟,研究了一台离心式循环压缩机叶轮的流场,分析了速度、压力和湍流强度的分布情况,为叶轮的改进提出了参考依据.