Microwave‐Enhanced Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted 2‐Mercaptoimidazoles on a Soluble Support

A novel efficient synthetic method for regioselective synthesis of optically active 2‐mercaptoimidazoles with three points of structural diversity was investigated on a polyethylene glycol (PEG) support. The key synthetic steps involve (i) synthesis of thiourea derivatives of polymer‐supported amino acids with isothiocyanates and (ii) one‐pot regioselective condensation of PEG‐linked thiourea with α‐bromo ketones to furnish the 2‐mercaptoimidazole skeleton under microwave conditions. An excellent regioselectivity was observed during this one‐pot condensation reaction which was further supported by NOE studies. In addition to three sets of structural diversity, supplementary chirality at the α‐position of the 2‐mercaptoimidazole skeleton is the key feature of this synthesis. A representative set of 2‐mercaptoimidazoles was efficiently assembled on soluble support utilizing various L ‐amino acids, isothiocyanates and α‐bromoaryl ketones with good yields.     

Combustion Synthesis of Ca2Si5N8: Eu2+ Phosphors and their Luminescent properties

A combustion synthesis method has been developed for synthesis of Eu²⁺‐doped Ca₂Si₅N₈ phosphor and its photoluminescence properties were investigated. Ca, Si, and Eu₂O₃ powders were used as the Ca, Si, and Eu sources. NaN₃ and NH₄Cl were found necessary to be added for the formation of the product phase and addition of Si₃N₄ was found to enhance the product yield. These powders were mixed and pressed into a compact, which was then wrapped up with an igniting agent (Mg + Fe₃O₄). The reactant compact was ignited by electrical heating under a N₂ pressure of 0.7 MPa. Effects of these experimental parameters on the product yield were investigated and a reaction mechanism was proposed. The synthesized Ca₂Si₅N₈: Eu²⁺ phosphor absorbs light in the region of 300–520 nm and shows a broad band emission in the region of 500–670 nm due to the 4f⁶5d¹ → 4f⁷ transition of Eu²⁺. Eu₂O₃ was found partially unreacted and a certain amount of oxygen is believed to be incorporated into the lattice of the product phase. The peak emission intensity (~93% of a commercially available phosphor, YAG:Ce³⁺v) and the peak emission wavelength (571–581 nm) were found to be lower and shorter, respectively, than that reported in the literature. These are considered to be mainly due to oxygen incorporation, which not only reduces nephelauxetic effect and crystal field splitting but also causes a lowering of internal quantum efficiency.     

半导体IC产业渠道管理策略研究

暋将影响半导体IC制造商渠道管理绩效的因素分为4个部分,即产品策略、产品定价策略、渠道策略及 技术支持,使用Katsikeas等学者于2004年提出的供应链绩效模型研究了影响因素之间的关系。通过问卷调查的方 法对某全球前十大半导体制造商在中国的8个授权代理商的员工进行调研,回收190个样本,以克朗巴哈系数、 KMO 及巴特利特球度预测20个样本得到可信度,确认数据、模型结构的适用性。提出5个假设,使用相关性分析 以及多元回归分析的方法对假设进行了验证。其中,产品定价策略对渠道管理绩效影响较为显着。对半导体产品 策略、定价策略、技术支持、渠道策略提出了建议,以提升半导体IC制造商以及代理商的绩效。     

毒重石尾矿钡渣制取高纯氯化钡的研究

通过改进的两次盐酸浸取法将毒重石尾矿钡渣中的钡转化为氯化钡实现二次回收,考察了包括液固比、盐酸浓度、浸取时间、浸取温度等因素对除杂提钡效果的影响。实验结果表明,第一步盐酸洗渣能将铁、钙、锶等杂质酸化为相应的氯盐,并将其大部分转入液相,所得含钡滤渣进行第二步盐酸浸取,得氯化钡溶液。实验优化工 艺条件：第一步盐酸洗渣,液固质量比为1∶2,盐酸浓度为1 mol/L;第二步盐酸浸取,液固质量比为7∶1,盐酸浓度为 2 mol/L,浸取时间为2 h,浸取温度为70 ℃,钡的回收率可达95%;第三步氯化钡粗品精制,用草酸进一步沉淀钙、锶,调节滤液pH为3,滤液蒸发浓缩结晶,晶体经无水乙醇洗涤后烘干,所得氯化钡产品纯度可达99.9%。     

基于数据挖掘技术的药品营销分析系统

介绍了一个应用数据挖掘技术开发的医药营销平台DMMA,从体系结构、系统实现、应用等方面论述了DMMA的设计,对数据挖掘技术的应用进行了有益的探索。     

Microwave and infrared dielectric response of tunable Ba1−xSrxTiO3 ceramics

The dielectric properties, infrared (IR) dielectric response and Raman spectra of tunable microwave (MW) Ba_1?xSr_xTiO₃ (x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7) ceramics were studied systematically as functions of composition and temperature. It was found that, with increasing the content of Sr from 40% to 70%, the permittivity of the Ba_1?xSr_xTiO₃ ceramics decreased from 7200 to 640 while the dielectric tunability decreased from 50.1% to 5.4% measured at 10 kHz. It is particularly interesting that the MW dielectric loss tangent was significantly decreased from 1.5 × 10^?2 to 7.4 × 10^?4. Complex permittivity spectra obtained by fitting the infrared data were also extrapolated to MW frequency and compared with the dielectric data near 1 GHz. For the samples with x = 0.4 and x = 0.5, the dielectric loss measured at ～1 GHz was much higher than that calculated at 10 GHz, which is presumably due to the Debye-type dielectric relaxation in GHz region. However, the dielectric loss of the samples with x = 0.6 and x = 0.7, extrapolated from IR range, was in agreement with that measured at MW frequency. Low-temperature Raman scattering showed that the band at 760 cm^?1 assigned to the Ti?O₃ torsional mode markedly sharpens and shifts upward with increasing content of Sr. This is an indication that the bonding between cations and anions was tightened due to the substitution of Ba with Sr, which explains well the decrease in dielectric permittivity, loss and tunability with increasing concentration of Sr.     

High speed steel produced by spray forming

In this paper, ASP2030 (A30) high speed steel (HSS) was produced by spray forming and the microstructure was studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The spray formed A30 (SF A30) steel exhibited a very uniform and fine microstructure consisting of martensite, retained austenite and uniformly distributed network carbides. Microstructure refining can be explained in terms of the rapid solidification of spray forming. M₂C, MC and M₆C type carbides were found in the as-sprayed A30 HSS by XRD and TEM. A uniform distribution of carbides was obtained after forging and annealing. The microstructure properties of SF A30 steel indicate that spray forming can be considered as a cost-effective route for the production of A30 steels and other highly alloyed steels.     

Energy performance of residential buildings in Singapore

Energy consumption of buildings takes up about a third of Singapore's total electricity production. In this paper, we present a pioneering study to investigate the energy performance of residential buildings. Beginning with an energy survey of households, we established the air-conditioning usage patterns and modelled residential buildings for computer simulations. An ETTV equation for residential buildings was developed. Employing this equation, we demonstrated how to achieve improved energy efficiency in residential buildings. Two types of residential buildings, namely, point block and slab block, were modelled and parametric runs performed. ETTV impacts the energy consumption of residential buildings and thus lowering the ETTV will result in reduced building heat load. Results from the developed equation showed that a unit decrease in ETTV resulted in 4% and 3.5% reduction in annual cooling energy for point block and slab block residential buildings, respectively. In addition, a set of simple energy and load estimating equations were developed using computer simulation and local climatic data. These equations provided a means of estimating the annual cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in Singapore.     

Microstructure and Thickness of 55 pct Al-Zn-1.6 pct Si-0.2 pct RE Hot-Dip Coatings: Experiment, Thermodynamic, and First-Principles Study

The microstructure and thickness of 55 pct A1-Zn-1.6 pct Si-0.2 pct RE coatings during continuous hot-dip on Q235 steel were investigated in this work. The experimental results revealed that the intermetallic layer was composed of the Fe₂Al₅, FeAl₃, and α-FeAlSi phases. The results of thermodynamic calculations with Pandat software package (CompuTherm, LLC, Madison, WI) indicated that FeAl₃ and α(β)-FeAlSi phase precipitated during the period of temperature cooling, which was consistent with experimental result. Then, the thickness of intermetallic layer was characterized. It was shown that the thickness of intermetallic layer decreased after 0.2 wt pct RE was added. Finally, a first-principles calculation was performed to interpret the effect mechanism of RE on the thickness of intermetallic layer. The results indicated that La substitution in Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃ phases could grab electronic charges from Al atoms and weaken the formation of Fe-Al compounds.