Effect of film thickness on properties of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films deposition on polymer substrate

A series of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films with different thickness (25–150 nm) were deposited on indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method at room temperature. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray Diffractometer, UV–Vis spectrometer and Hall Effect Measurement System. All the obtained films were polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure and a preferred orientation along [002] direction with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The optical energy band gap (E_g) values of the films were found to be in the range from 3.36 to 3.26 eV, and their average optical transmissions were about 75 % in the visible region. The films had excellent electrical properties with the resistivities in the range from 2.78 × 10^?5 to 2.03 × 10^?4 Ω cm, carrier densities more than 3.35 × 10²¹ cm^?3 and Hall mobilities between 5.77 and 11.13 cm²/V s.     

Impact of Hydrocolloids and Homogenization Treatment on the Foaming Properties of Raspberry Fruit Puree

The production of healthy, ready-to-eat fruit snacks by means of foam-mat drying has to face the challenge of ensuring high foam stability throughout the entire process. Foaming properties of raspberry puree whipped for 10 min with varying concentrations of potato protein isolate (2.5, 5, 10% w/w) as foaming agent were studied. Furthermore, the impact of hydrocolloids as foam stabilizers, i.e., maltodextrin (5, 15, 30% w/w) and pectin (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 2.5% w/w), in combination with the variation of protein concentration as well as the impact of a homogenization treatment of fruit puree on the foam characteristics and puree properties were investigated. Foam stability was enhanced by the increase of protein and hydrocolloid concentration. Maltodextrin and pectin showed similar behavior even though pectin was used at considerably smaller concentrations. Compared to single hydrocolloid systems, the addition of pectin and maltodextrin in combination led to a further enhancement of foam stability, which offered the opportunity to simultaneously decrease the concentration of both hydrocolloids. The destruction of fruit tissue by homogenization treatment resulted in a reduction of mean particle diameters (D[4,3], D[3,2]) and a decrease of viscosity. Despite the increase in the specific surface area (A_SF) and thus, expected enhanced oxidative processes, no changes were observed for ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents. However, the structural changes induced by the homogenization treatment significantly affected foaming properties.     

Optimization of injection parameters for mechanical properties of specimens with weld line of polypropylene using Taguchi method

This study optimized effect of injection parameters and weld line on the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) moldings. The mold with an insert was designed to create weld line in the experimental specimen. Melt temperature, packing pressure and injection pressure were investigated to study their effects on the mechanical strength of specimens with/without weld lines. Taguchi's L₉ (3³) orthogonal array design was employed for the experimental plan. Mechanical properties such as maximum tensile load, extension at break and charpy impact strength (notched) of the specimens were measured. Signal to noise ratio for mechanical properties of PP using Taguchi method was calculated and effect of the injection parameters and weld line on mechanical properties was determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Linear models were also created by using regression analysis. The most important parameter affecting the maximum tensile load and the extension at break (for specimen without/with weld line) was injection pressure and melt temperature, and for charpy impact strength (notched) (without/with weld line) was melt temperature and injection pressure, respectively.     

Development of MgO:TiO2 thin films for gas sensor applications

In this study, structural, morphological and optical properties, and gas sensor performance of magnesium oxide (MgO) doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films were investigated in detail. Gas sensor metallic patterns were fabricated on Si substrate using traditional photolithographic technique. MgO doped TiO₂ thin films were deposited on formed Pt electrode surface by confocal sputtering (co-sputtering) system as the active layer. Thin film characterizations were realized by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV–Vis Spectrometer (UV–Vis). Gas sensing measurements were performed by gas sensing test system against methane gas at working temperature of 300?°C. To evaluate deposition and thermal annealing effects on the sensing performance, sensors were tested under gas. The sensitivity and response/recovery time of gas sensors were measured in 1000?ppm. MgO doped TiO₂ based sensor at substrate temperature of 100?°C has high sensitivity and short response/recovery time.     

A Study of nozzle angle in stone surface treatment with water jets

The stone surface treatment with water jet is a recently introduced method. It is used to increase the roughness to improve its antislip properties while preserving esthetic appearance of the stone without having thermal shock, mechanical stress and the production of fumes and dust. Nozzle angle is one of the important parameters affecting treatment of surface. This study is an attempt to assess the effect of nozzle angle on surface treatment quality with water jet and to determine the most suitable nozzle angle value. For this purpose, surfaces of Sardinian Basalt samples are treated with pure water jet in six different nozzle angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°). The roughness is measured on all the treated surfaces by various roughness parameters. The experimental studies showed that treatment with nozzle angle between 30° and 75° gives the surfaces with similar regular variation.     

Interconnection of CAN segments through IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a high-performance and highly reliable advanced serial communication protocol, which efficiently supports distributed real-time control. CAN-based distributed control systems have generally two main problems that are the size of distributed area and the need for communication with other LANs and with remote CAN segments. A straightforward solution is to use internetworking devices with wireless support to extend CAN segments. In this paper, a new solution to interconnect CAN segments is proposed, which uses a wireless MAN based on the IEEE 802.16 standard as a backbone system. Also, the solution describing a model for internetworking unit integrates the traffic generated by CAN segments into IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN using encapsulation technique.