Single-step creation of localized Delaunay triangulations

A localized Delaunay triangulation owns the following interesting properties for sensor and wireless ad hoc networks: it can be built with localized information, the communication cost imposed by control information is limited, and it supports geographical routing algorithms that offer guaranteed convergence. This paper presents two localized algorithms, fast localized Delaunay triangulation 1 (FLDT1) and fast localized Delaunay triangulation 2 (FLDT2), that build a graph called planar localized Delaunay triangulation, PLDel, known to be a good spanner of the Unit Disk Graph, UDG. Our algorithms improve previous algorithms with similar theoretical bounds in the following aspects: unlike previous work, FLDT1 and FLDT2 build PLDel in a single communication step, maintaining a communication cost of O(n log n), which is within a constant of the optimal. Additionally, we show that FLDT1 is more robust than previous triangulation algorithms, because it does not require the strict UDG connectivity model to work. The small signaling cost of our algorithms allows us to improve routing performance, by efficiently using the PLDel graph instead of sparser graphs, like the Gabriel or the Relative Neighborhood graphs.     

Non‐Volatile ReRAM Devices Based on Self‐Assembled Multilayers of Modified Graphene Oxide 2D Nanosheets

2D nanomaterials have been actively utilized in non‐volatile resistive switching random access memory (ReRAM) devices due to their high flexibility, 3D‐stacking capability, simple structure, transparency, easy fabrication, and low cost. Herein, it demonstrates re‐writable, bistable, transparent, and flexible solution‐processed crossbar ReRAM devices utilizing graphene oxide (GO) based multilayers as active dielectric layers. The devices employ single‐ or multi‐component‐based multilayers composed of positively charged GO (N‐GO(+) or NS‐GO(+)) with/without negatively charged GO(‐) using layer‐by‐layer assembly method, sandwiched between Al bottom and Au top electrodes. The device based on the multi‐component active layer Au/[N‐GO(+)/GO(‐)]_n/Al/PES shows higher ON/OFF ratio of ≈10⁵ with switching voltage of ?1.9 V and higher retention stability (≈10⁴ s), whereas the device based on single component (Au/[N‐GO(+)]_n/Al/PES) shows ≈10³ ON/OFF ratio at ±3.5 V switching voltage. The superior ReRAM properties of the multi‐component‐based device are attributed to a higher coating surface roughness. The Au/[N‐GO(+)/GO(–)]_n/Al/PES device prepared from lower GO concentration (0.01%) exhibits higher ON/OFF ratio (≈10⁹) at switching voltage of ±2.0 V. However, better stability is achieved by increasing the concentration from 0.01% to 0.05% of all GO‐based solutions. It is found that the devices containing MnO₂ in the dielectric layer do not improve the ReRAM performance.     

Evolution of Chemistry,Morphology and Rheology of Various Polymer Systems along a Twin‐Screw Extruder

Intermeshing twin‐screw extruders have been recently identified as useful in special application niches such as the extrusion of PVC dry blends (counter‐rotating machines) and compounding operations (co‐rotating machines). Thus, it is of interest to study the mechanical and/or chemical effects that occur along the screw axis of the extruders, since they will dictate the characteristics and performance of the final material. This work aims at illustrating the usefulness of a simple experimental tool recently developed for the study of the physical, chemical and morphological evolution along the extruder of polymer based systems, data being presented and discussed for a number of composites and blends.     

Algorithms for invariant long-wave infrared face segmentation: evaluation and comparison

This paper presents two methods for automatic segmentation of images of faces captured in long wavelength infrared, allowing a wide range of face rotations, expressions and artifacts (such as glasses and hats). We also present the validation of segmentation results using a recognition method to show the impact of the segmentation accuracy on the recognition. The paper presents two different approaches (one aimed at real-time performance and the other at high accuracy) and compares their performance against three other previously published methods. The proposed approaches are based on statistical modeling of pixel intensities and active contour application, although several other image processing operations are also performed. Experiments were performed on a total of 893 test images from four public available databases. The obtained results improve on previous existing methods up to 29.5 % for the first measure error (E ₁) and up to 34.7 % for the second measure (E ₂), depending on the method and database. Regarding the computational time, our proposals improve up to 63.32 % when compared with the other proposals. We also present the validation of the various segmentation methods that are presented by applying a face recognition method.     

On the production of novel zirconia-reinforced bioactive glass porous structures for bone repair

Journal of Materials Science - The objective of this study was to develop a replica method for producing zirconia-reinforced bioactive glass (ZRBG) porous structures for bone...     

One-step synthesis of composite electrolytes of Eu-doped ceria and alkali metal carbonates

Europium-doped ceria (EDC, Ce_0.9Eu_0.1O_2−δ)/alkaline carbonate (LNC, (Li,Na)₂CO₃) composite ceramics prepared through a one-step citrate-based route were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared and laser Raman spectroscopies as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte material was studied by impedance spectroscopy in air, CO₂ and N₂ + H₂ (90/10 vol%, respectively) gas mixtures, in the temperature range 300–600 °C. The sub micrometric and even nanosized ceramic particles appeared as merged inside the mixed carbonates, with modest grain to grain necking. The EDC/LNC composite electrolytes showed a conductivity of 0.27 S cm⁻¹ at 600 °C in air, amongst the best ever reported, exceeding the usual requirements for fuel cell applications.     

THE SHAPE OF A GAS/LIQUID INTERFACE IN A RECTANGULAR CAVITY ALLOWING FOR AN ARBITRARY DIRECTION OF THE BODY FORCE

A method to calculate the shape of the gas/liquid interface in a rectangular cavity is presented. This article is an expansion of investigations carried out in the 1960s, where the direction of the body force was assumed to be parallel to the side walls of the cavity. In the present work this assumption is eliminated, thus introducing the tilt angle as an additional variable affecting the interface shape. The shape of the interface for several values of Bond number, contact angle, and tilt angle is calculated. A critical Bond number below which the interface shape does not change is identified. The implications to liquid-phase processing in micromachining and microelectronics fabrication are discussed.     

Evolution of morphological and rheological properties along the extruder length for blends of a commercial liquid crystalline polymer and polypropylene

The main aim of this work is to study the morphological and rheological evolution during extrusion of blends of polypropylene and a commercial liquid crystalline polymer, Rodrun LC3000. This study was performed for blends with 10, 20 and 40 wt% LCP, processed at 220 and 240 °C. For this purpose, a special collecting device was used that allows the removal of samples at different locations along the extruder length. The results of the morphological study revealed that the mean diameter of the LCP structures decrease as they proceed along the extruder axis. The rheological properties were also studied ex situ both in the linear and in the non-linear regime. From the results obtained in oscillatory shear it was observed that the elastic modulus and the complex viscosity decreases from the beginning to the end of the extrusion process, reaching a minimum for the final extrudate. FT rheology was used to study the non-linear viscoelastic behavior and the results also show marked difference between samples collected at various stages of the process, the ratio I(3ω₁)/I(ω₁) decreasing along the extruder.     

Optimization of operational planning for wind/hydro hybrid water supply systems

Water supply systems (WSS) frequently present high-energy consumption values, which correspond to the major expenses of these systems. Energy costs are a function of its real consumption and of the variability of the daily energy tariff.This paper presents a model of optimization for the energy efficiency in a water supply system. The system is equipped with a pump station and presents excess of available energy in the gravity branch. First, a water turbine is introduced in the system in order to use this excess of hydraulic available energy. Then, an optimization method to define the pump operation planning along the 24 h of simulation, as well as the analysis of the economic benefits resulting from the profit of wind energy to supply the water pumping, while satisfying the system constraints and population demands, is implemented, in order to minimize the global operational costs.The model, developed in MATLAB, uses linear programming and provides the planning strategy to take in each time step, which will influence the following hours. The simulation period considered is one day, sub-divided in hourly time steps. The rules obtained as output of the optimization procedures are subsequently introduced in a hydraulic simulator (e.g. EPANET), in order to verify the system behaviour along the simulation period. The results are compared with the normal operating mode (i.e. without optimization algorithm) and show that energy cost's savings are achieved dependently of the initial reservoir levels or volume. The insertion of the water turbine also generates significant economical benefits for the water supply system.     

High-speed enhancement-mode InP MISFET's grown by chloridevapor-phase epitaxy

The properties of enhancement-mode InP metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors fabricated on semi-insulating InP substrates are reported. The epitaxial layers of the device structure have been grown by chloride vapor-phase epitaxy. Short-circuit current gain cutoff frequencies of 29.6 GHz were measured for 1-μm-gate-length devices. For devices with submicrometer gate lengths, extrinsic transconductance values up to 300 mS/mm and short-circuit current-gain cutoff frequencies of 38.1 GHz were measured. SiO₂ deposited by electron beam evaporation and plasma-enhanced CVD Si₃N₄ have been utilized as gate insulators, and a drain current drift of 30% within the first 50 h of operation has been observed. The high-speed performance of these devices represent to the authors' knowledge the fastest InP-based MIS field-effect transistor demonstrated