Electrical Properties of Polyethylene Composites with Low Content of Neodymium

The effects of Neodymium (Nd) on the electrical properties of low density polyethylene in relation with morphological aspects are reported in this article. Scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed a quasi-uniform dispersion of Nd particles in polyethylene, both individual particles and clusters being observed. Contact angle measurements showed a decrease of contact angle values and, thus, of surface hydrophobicity, with the increase of Nd content. The addition of Nd in polyethylene determined the increase of electric permittivity and conductivity. The variation of permittivity was explained considering the influence of polar species (additives, oxidation products, neodymium oxide), highlighted by Fourier transform infrared analysis.     

Models and algorithms for coscheduling compute-intensive taks on a network of workstations

The problem of using the idle cycles of a number of high performance workstations, interconnected by a high speed network, for solving computationally intensive tasks is discussed. The classes of distributed applications examined require some form of synchronization among the subtasks, hence the need for coscheduling to guarantee that subtasks start at the same time and execute at the same pace on a group of workstations. A model of the system is presented that allows the definition of an objective function to be maximized. Then a quadratic time and linear space algorithm is derived for computing the optimal coschedule, for the given model and class of applications addressed.     

Die optimale Projektierung eines magnetischen Kreises mit Dauermagnet für Lautsprecher

Übersicht Der magnetische Kreis des Lautsprechers ist eine wichtige Anwendung der harten Ferrite. Das Kennen des magnetischen Streuflusses und folglich die optimale Projektierung dieses magnetischen Kreises ist von großer Bedeutung, wenn man das mögliche Magnetstoffersparnis berücksichtigt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Methode zur Optimierung des magnetischen Kreises mit Dauermagnet für Lautsprecher angegeben, wobei die Berechnungen durch die Integration der Feldgleichungen durchgeführt werden.

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Contents The magnetic circuit of the loudspeakers is an important application of hard ferrites. The knowledge of the magnetic leakage flux and consequently the optimum design of this magnetic circuit is of great importance, because of the possible economy of magnetic materials. In this paper a method for optimisation of magnetic circuits with permanent magnet for loudspeakers is presented. The calculations were performed by integration of field equations.

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Übersicht der verwendeten Symbole A Querschnitt des ringförmigen Dauermagneten - A Querschnitt des Luftspaltes - a, b, c, d, g, h, l, Abmessungen des magnetischen Kreises - a ⁰ =a + ⁰ (Bild 2) - B _m =B mittlere Induktion im Inneren des Dauermagneten - B Induktion im Luftspalt - F hypergeometrische Funktion - G Hilfsfunktion für die Berechnung der Streuung im Bereich III - H _m =–H mittlere Feldstärke im Inneren des Dauermagneten - k _n Nutzfaktor - P _m optimaler Betriebspunkt (Bild 1) - P ₀ maximaler Punkt der KennlinieB _m =f(B _m H _{m 0})(Bild 1) - V _I,V _II,V _III magnetische Potentiale der inneren (I), oberen (II) und äußeren (III) Zone - V ₀ magnetisches Potential der Polplatte - v Volumen des Dauermagneten - v Volumen des Luftspaltes - T - u ₂ Hilfsveränderliche (Beziehung (24) - z, r zylindrische Koordinaten - ⁰ äquivalenter Luftspalt, der eine Potentialstufe bestimmt, die durch die äußere Fläche des Bolzens denselben Fluß wie das reelle Potential erzeugt - ^* äquivalenter Luftspalt, der eine Potentialstufe bestimmt, die durch das Ende des Bolzens denselben Fluß wie das reelle Potential erzeugt - ⁰=4·10^–7 (H/m) Vakuumpermeabilität - Streufaktor - ₀ Gesamtfluß, der in den Magneten durch seine Basis eindringt - _I, _II, _III Teilstreuflüsse (Bild 2) - _n Hauptfluß im Luftspalt - _s gesamter Streufluß - _s magnetischer Bezugsfluß - ^* = 4a V _{0 0} Hilfsfunktionen für die Berechnung der Streuung im Bereich I     

Extended Data Acquisition Support at GSI

The Experiment Data Acquisition and Analysis System (EDAS) of GSI, designed to support the data processing associated with nuclear physics experiments, provides three modes of operation: real-time, interactive replay and batch replay. The real-time mode is used for data acquisition and data analysis during an experiment performed at the heavy ion accelerator at GSI. The computing resources provided by dedicated Experiment Computers are insufficient for the more complex experiments performed today. To meet demands for higher data rates, more computing power and more support for data analysis during an experiment, a distributed system was conceived. The GSI High Speed Data Acquisition Network provides the hardware support for the system; it consists of a number of dedicated Experiment Computers which directly control experiments, a multi-user mainframe which performs the data analysis and data storing for all experiments, and a concentrator to connect all Experiment Computers to the mainframe. Three software sub-systems were designed, one for each component of the distributed system. An experiment may be performed either in Stand Alone Mode, using only the Experiment Computers, or in Extended Mode using all computing resources available. The Extended Mode combines the advantages of the real-time response of a dedicated minicomputer with the availability of computing resources in a large computing environment. This paper first gives an overview of EDAS and presents the GSI High Speed Data Acquisition Network. Data Acquisition Modes and the Extended Mode are then introduced.     

On the ‘reaction in chain’ in the thermoelectric conversion of energy through thermocouples: Theoretical implications of the phenomenon

It is shown, experimentally, that in certain initial conditions of temperature, and for certain parameters, a ‘reaction in chain’ may start in a thermocouple, and produce a ‘permanent regime’, through which heat from a single course is converted into electrical energy. It is shown, theoretically, that the phenomenon occurs when compensation of heat losses due to thermal conduction, through Peltier and Thomson heat is realized, so that the efficiency is affected only by the Joule effect, and may attain much higher values than through conventional operation of these thermoelectric devices, conventional peration requiring two heat sources, a hot and a cold one.     

Development of a stability intelligent control system for turning

This paper presents a stability control system based on a new strategy, with application in turning. It works by permanent assessment of the system operating point position relative to the stability limit, and process parameter permanent, in-process modification such as this point is always placed in the stable domain zone that gives the highest process performance. In the case of turning, here approached: (1) this zone is the stability limit proximity; (2) the system operating point position is determined by assessing a cutting force monitored signal feature; and (3) this position is changed by modifying the cutting edge setting angle, the feed rate, and the cutting speed, as it follows: when the risk of overpassing the stability limit is imminent, the setting angle is increased, followed by a feed rate diminishing and then by a worked piece rotation speed reduction, while immediately after surpassing the risk, the three variables modification is reversed, this way the chatter onset being permanently avoided and the performance kept in every moment at the highest possible level. The system was experimentally implemented on a transversal lathe. The results of tests on dedicatedly designed specimens are showing a machining productivity significant increase, in conditions of a stable cutting process. The system is simple, and it can be easily added to the existing CNC machine tools, without important modifications.     

Hierarchically structured polymer blends based on silsesquioxane hybrid nanocomposites with quaternary ammonium units for antimicrobial coatings

The paper reports the first study on hierarchical assemblies (nanofibrillar micelles confined within semi-cylindrical shells) with silsesquioxane and quaternary ammonium units obtained through polymer blending intended for antimicrobial/antifungal stone coatings. The formation of hierarchical structures on solid surfaces is due to the multiple intermolecular ionic interactions, intermolecular Van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions acting among the component molecules. Their antimicrobial/antifungal properties toward the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans fungus were determined in aqueous solution and were found to be strongly dependent of the topographical features of the coating.