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41.
Nicolas Grégori Jean-Charles Hautecouverture François Charoy Claude Godart 《AI & Society》2006,20(3):384-402
Analyzing the way computer technologies are used is crucial for their development. Such analyses make it possible to evaluate these technologies and enhance their evolution. The present article presents some ideas drawn from the development of a cooperation platform for elementary school children (10–11 years old). On the basis of an obvious ergonomic requirement, we worked on two other dimensions: cultural aspects and the teaching scenario. The goal was to set up observation situations and analyze the conversations produced during those situations, in order to understand what using the platform meant to both the pupils and their teachers.
相似文献
Claude GodartEmail: |
42.
Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a data analysis technique used in a great variety of applications such as text mining, image processing, hyperspectral data analysis, computational biology, and clustering. In this letter, we consider two well-known algorithms designed to solve NMF problems: the multiplicative updates of Lee and Seung and the hierarchical alternating least squares of Cichocki et al. We propose a simple way to significantly accelerate these schemes, based on a careful analysis of the computational cost needed at each iteration, while preserving their convergence properties. This acceleration technique can also be applied to other algorithms, which we illustrate on the projected gradient method of Lin. The efficiency of the accelerated algorithms is empirically demonstrated on image and text data sets and compares favorably with a state-of-the-art alternating nonnegative least squares algorithm. 相似文献
43.
44.
Alessio Franci Antoine Chaillet Elena Panteley Fran?oise Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue 《Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems (MCSS)》2012,24(1-2):169-217
Motivated by neuroscience applications, and in particular by the deep brain stimulation treatment for Parkinson’s disease, we have recently derived a simplified model of an interconnected neuronal population under the effect of its mean-field proportional feedback. In this paper, we rely on that model to propose conditions under which proportional mean-field feedback achieves either oscillation inhibition or desynchronization. More precisely, we show that for small natural frequencies, this scalar control signal induces an inhibition of the collective oscillation. For the closed-loop system, this situation corresponds to a fixed point which is shown to be almost globally asymptotically stable in the fictitious case of zero natural frequencies and all-to-all coupling and feedback. In the case of an odd number of oscillators, this property is shown to be robust to small natural frequencies and heterogencities in both the coupling and feedback topology. On the contrary, for large natural frequencies, we show that scalar proportional mean-field feedback is able to induce desynchronization. After having recalled a formal definition for desynchronization, we show how it can be induced in a network of originally synchronized oscillators. 相似文献
45.
The review of literature in sociology and distributed artificial intelligence reveals that the occurrence of conflict is a remarkable precursor to the disruption of multi-agent systems. The study of this concept could be applied to human factors concerns, as man-system conflict appears to provoke perseveration behavior and to degrade attentional abilities with a trend to excessive focus. Once entangled in such conflicts, the human operator will do anything to succeed in his current goal even if it jeopardizes the mission. In order to confirm these findings, an experimental setup, composed of a real unmanned ground vehicle, a ground station is developed. A scenario involving an authority conflict between the participants and the robot is proposed. Analysis of the effects of the conflict on the participants' cognition and arousal is assessed through heart-rate measurement (reflecting stress level) and eye-tracking techniques (index of attentional focus). Our results clearly show that the occurrence of the conflict leads to perseveration behavior and can induce higher heart rate as well as excessive attentional focus. These results are discussed in terms of task commitment issues and increased arousal. Moreover, our results suggest that individual differences may predict susceptibility to perseveration behavior. 相似文献
46.
We have identified and cloned the cDNAs encoding two odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) from the American palm weevil (APW) Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Degenerate primers were designed from the N-terminal sequences and were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to obtain full-length sequences in both males and females. In both sexes, two different cDNAs were obtained, encoding 123 and 115 amino acid-deduced sequences. Each sequence showed few amino acid differences between the sexes. The proteins were named RpalOBP2 and RpalOBP4 for male, RpalOBP2' and RpalOBP4' for female, with the types 2 and 4 presenting only 34% identities. These proteins shared high identity with previously described coleopteran OBPs. In native gels, RpalOBP2 clearly separated into two bands and RpalOBP4 into three bands, suggesting the presence of several conformational isomers. Thus, OBP diversity in this species may rely on both the presence of OBPs from different classes and the occurrence of isoforms for each OBP. 相似文献
47.
In the design of concrete structures, estimation of the deflection of the structural members under the service loads is often
a critical factor. Strains and displacements are linked to the tension stiffening effect, which is not quantified in the standards.
The CEB-FIP model code proposes an interesting simplified method for evaluating the concrete tension stiffening effect on
reinforced concrete behavior. One of the parameters which enables the mechanical contribution of the concrete to be quantified
is the effective tensile active section of the reinforced concrete beams. In this paper, a new method for calculating the
effective tensile active section A
ct.ef is proposed. The calculation is based on an analytical model of stress distribution in the full depth of the concrete section.
An experimental study on several reinforced concrete beams is reported. The results show that the new proposed model enhances
the accuracy of the beam deflection predictions significantly. 相似文献
48.
This paper proposes a model of the mechanical behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete members subjected to bending under
service load. The model is based on the formulation of a macro-element to be used in FEM analysis, having a length equal to
the distance between two consecutive flexural cracks and a cross-section equal to the member cross-section. The mechanical
formulation is directly written in generalized variables (bending moment and curvature) and is based on the concept of the
transfer length necessary for the transmission of tensile load from re-bar to tensile concrete thanks to the bond. It is thus
possible to take into account the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bond between re-bar and concrete, by increasing
the transfer length versus intensity of corrosion. The variation of the transfer length versus corrosion is expressed using
a scalar damage parameter. A first experimental validation is performed on a 17-year-old beam kept in a chloride environment
under its service load. 相似文献
49.
French Douglas J.; No?l Marc; Vigneau Fran?ois; French Julie A.; Cyr Chantal P.; Evans R. Thomas 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,37(3):181
This study examined the psychometric properties of the PCS-CF, a French-Canadian adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, Bishop & Pivik, 1995). One hundred and twenty undergraduate students (83 women; 37 men) completed the PCS-CF and measures of anxiety and depression prior to immersing their hand in ice water for 1-minute. A subset of 39 participants (28 females; 11 males) also completed a second pain task involving an ascending series of electrocutaneous stimulations. Participants' verbal and non-verbal pain behaviours during and immediately after the immersion task were recorded and subsequently independently coded. Reliability analyses revealed that the PCS-CF total score and subscale scores have a high degree of internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities that are comparable to the original Pain Catastrophizing Scale. PCS-CF scores were associated with higher levels of self-reported pain during the ice water immersion task and decreased pain tolerance during electrocutaneous stimulation. Individuals with elevated PCS-CF scores also displayed a more diverse repertoire of pain behaviours than their low PCS-CF counterparts. Previous findings that catastrophizing scores are able to discriminate criterion groups of males and females were also replicated. Given the highly correlated factors obtained in analyses of the dimensionality of the PCS-CF, the structure suggested by the authors of the original scale is only partially supported. However, the results taken together suggest that the PCS-CF is both a reliable and valid measure of the pain catastrophizing construct that is psychometrically comparable to the original PCS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
50.
Xavier Desforges Abdallah Habbadi Laurent Geneste François Soler 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2004,15(1):39-53
The study of smart sensors and actuators led, during the past few years, to the development of facilities which improve traditional sensors and actuators in a necessary way to automate production systems. In another context, many studies have been carried out aimed at defining a decisional structure for production activity control and the increasing need of reactivity leads to the autonomization of decisional levels close to the operational system. We study in this paper the natural convergence between these two approaches and we propose an integration architecture, dealing with machine tool and machining control, that enables the exploitation of distributed smart sensors and actuators in the decisional system. 相似文献