Combined effects of oxygen and hydrogen on tensile properties of a Nb-10 at. Pct V alloy

The addition of oxygen to a Nb-10 at. pct V alloy results in linear hardening and an increase in the strain rate sensitivity with increasing concentration. Hydrogen induces a minimum in the reduction of area, a temperature dependent hardening, and a maximum in the strain rate sensitivity of Nb-10V at ≈150 K. The strengthening and accompanying low temperature softening by hydrogen below 150 K are explained by a strain-induced ordering of hydrogen atoms around dislocations. Indications are, however, that hydrogen interacts only weakly, if at all, with the oxygen. A ductility minimum and associated return-of-ductility due to hydrogen are attributed to the high strain rate that occurs in the necked region during deformation.     

Fiberoptic transillumination: a new tool for the pediatric surgeon

Transillumination (TI) is a safe and reliable technique for evaluating masses or the presence of free air in the thorax or abdomen. TI can also be of help in the accurate placement of catheters or needles in the chest, abdomen, bladder, or vessels. Its use in several hundred cases has been documented by this report.     

Radar mapping: Prolate spheroidal wave functions versus truncated inverse fourier transform

Prolate spheroidal wave functions may be used to obtain an estimate of a distributed source that has been observed from an aperture of finite size. An estimate of the source distribution can also be obtained by the use of the truncated inverse Fourier transform. A quantitative measure is obtained of the reductions in the mean-squared error in the estimates which are produced by the data processing techniques. The relative merits of the two processing techniques depend upon the aperture size and the signal-to-noise ratio. The processing of data by means of the wave functions is found to be more advantageous for small apertures and for large signal-to-noise ratios. The processing techniques are also compared as to the ability to reconstruct the detail in an isolated target or source distribution of limited size. The wave functions are shown to be useful for the processing of data obtained from a large aperture that is used to observe a small target.     

Alpha/Beta Difference Equations and Their Zeta Transforms in Economic Analysis

Advantageous procedures in modeling, analyzing, and evaluating cash flow streams are possible with a new methodology described here. Modeling advantages are achieved through solutions to alpha/beta difference equations which have easily estimated parameters and a wide variety of linear and nonlinear series patterns for solutions. Marginal values and serial sums and averages facilitate regular or marginal analyses. When these solutions are given as time series, then zeta transforms of these series, with auxiliary developments, give discounted present values or a companion index of a specified finite series. Various applications serve to illustrate and verify the methodological procedures, as well as, demonstrate the analytical advantages.     

Ethylene-propylene terpolymers with conjugated double bonds

A study was made of ethylene-propylene terpolymerization with fulvenes and various acetylenes. Vinylacetylene, 2-methyl-1-buten-3-yne (isopropenyl-acetylene) or 6,6-dimethylfulvene in conjunction with ethylene and propylene formed terpolymers which contained conjugated double bonds. The presence of conjugated double bonds was established by infrared and ultraviolet analyses. The terpolymers were randomly unsaturated with sufficient unsaturation to be sulfur-vulcanized.     

Fatigue properties of pure metals

The report considers the stress fatigue limit _D, the fatigue to tensile strength ratio _D/R_m, and the deformation fatigue limit _D of pure metals. For FCC and some HCP metals there exists a linear correlation between fatigue limit and tensile strength. The fatigue limit and the fatigue ratio _D/R_m depend upon the homologous temperature. The fatigue ratios of BCC metals are higher than the fatigue ratios of other metals at room temperature as is also true for metals with nearly the same homologous temperature. The deformation fatigue limit decreases rapidly when T_h - 0.5 and T_h 1. When T_h = 1 then _D = 0, _D = 0 and _D/R_m = 0. The deformation fatigue limits of metals belonging to the same subgroup of the periodic element system and having, similar homologous temperatures at room temperature are very similar.

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Zusammenfassung Der Artikel behandelt die Dauerfestigkeit _D des Ermuedungskoeffizienten _D/R_m und die Deformation _D, die der Dauerfestigkeit entspricht. Fuer kubisch flachzentrierte Metalle und einige hexagonal Metalle existiert eine lineare Korrelation zwischen Dauerfestigkeit _D and Zugfestigkeit R_m. Die Dauerfestigkeit _D und der Ermuedungskoeffizient _D/R_m koennen als Funktion der homologischen Temperatur betrachtet werden. Der Ermuedungskoeffizient der kubisch raumzentrierten Metalle ist groesser als der der anderen in Raumtemperatur. Dieses stimmt auch fuer Metalle mit aehnlichen hornologischen Temperaturen. Die Deformation _D, die der Dauerfestigkeit entspricht, faellt schnell ab, wenn T_h > 0.5 und T_h 1, Wenn T_h = 1, darn ist _D = 0, _D = 0 und _D/R_m = 0. Die Metalle, die zu derselben Gruppe des periodischen Systems der Elemente gehoeren and aehnliche homologische Temperaturen (in Raumtemperatur) besitzen, haben sehr aehnliche Werte der Deformation _D.

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Résumé L'article parle de la contrainte de la limite de fatigue _D le facteur de fatigue _D/R_m et la déformation _D correspondante à la limite de fatigue des métaux pures. Pour les métaux du système cubique aux faces centrées (c. f. c.) et quelques uns du système hexagonale (hex. c.) il existe une correlation linéare entre la limite de fatigue _D et de la résistance a la fraction R_m. La limite de fatigue _D et le facteur de fatigue _D/R_m dependent de la température homologue. Les facteurs de la fatigue des métaux du système cubique centre (c.c.) sort plus grands que ceux des autres métaux dans la température de chambre, aussi por des métaux qui ont presque la même température homologue. La déformation correspondante à la limite de fatigue tombe rapidement quand T_h > 0.5 et T_h 1. Quand T_h = 1, alors _D = 0, _D = 0 et _D/R_m = 0. Cettes déformations _D pour les métaux du même groupe du système périodique des éléments sont proches si les températures homologues dans la température de chambre sont analogues.

     

Unitization of spontaneous nonverbal behavior in the study of emotion communication.

Videotapes of spontaneous facial and gestural reactions to affective slides were segmented by university student observers using a group adaptation of D. Newtson's (1976) unitization technique. In Exp I, 46 females and 35 males segmented the expressions of a variety of children and adults; in Exp II, 50 males segmented the expressions of high vs low-expressive male and female senders. Results demonstrate that the unitization technique applied to emotion expression yields reliable patterns of segmentation that may be used to investigate the relationships of communication accuracy to both the nature of the sender's behavior and the attentional patterns of the receiver. In particular, differences in segmentation results for males and females suggest that the technique may allow the detailed examination of process-level gender differences in nonverbal sending accuracy and receiving ability. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fabrication effects on the structural behaviour of large coils for fusion experiments

Field coils for fusion experiments are usually manufactured by winding straight bars to the required contour. The structural behaviour of such coils, especially noncircular coils, due to the winding process is investigated. First, the residual stresses induced by winding of the conductors and the ensuing spring-back are analysed theoretically for the single unconnected turn. The effects of tension forces applied during winding are considered, as well as the effect of rollers. Comparison with experimental values is given. The expressions derived for the single turn are extended to finite element analyses to find the spring-back deformation of the complete coil. Estimates are given for the stresses in the inter-turn insulation layers due to residual stresses from winding. Recommendations are deduced from the analytical results as regards the set-up of bending tests.