Correlation between blood parameters and symptomatic vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Serial changes in platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts and other blood parameters were analyzed in 103 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The WBC counts during days 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, and 12-14 after the onset of SAH were significantly higher in patients with than in patients without symptomatic vasospasm. Platelet counts during days 0-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17, 18-21, and 22-28 after SAH were significantly higher in patients with than in patients without symptomatic vasospasm. Monitoring of platelet and WBC counts may provide an indicator of the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm.     

Brassidic acid: Preparation from erucic acid and mechanism of elaidinization

Brassidic acid was prepared by elaidinization of 95% erucic acid with 4 mole % nitrous acid at 70 C for 30 min, followed by crystallization from 95% ethanol. Yield was 70%, and purity was 96–97% by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The isomerization reaction was monitored by IRtrans absorption for optimal reaction rate and yield. There was no migration of the double bond. The NMR spectrum of thetrans protons was wide and complex with a chemical shift of 5.34 δ. The nitrous acid elaidinization, generally explained as a free radical process, is believed to be induced initially by the nitrogen dioxide anion (nitrite) and followed immediately by complex formation between the excited triplet anion and the olefin. The complex rotates to the opposite geometric configuration driven by a spin-orbital coupling process. N. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Fatty acid composition of maturingVernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. seeds. dihydroxyoleic acid—A possible precursor of epoxyoleic acid

Quantitative measurements of epoxyoleic acid and co-occurring fatty acids in maturingVernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. seeds were made to elucidate partially the mode of epoxyoleic biosynthesis. Free (+)threo-12,13-dihydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid was the major component at an intermediate maturation stage, and is believed to be dehydrated to free epoxyoleic acid before incorporation into glycerides. Presented before the Division of Biological Chemistry, Am. Chem. Soc. meeting in St. Louis, Mo., 1961. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, U.S.D.A.     

Analysis of phenmedipham in agricultural products by HPLC

An analytical method was developed for the determination of phenmedipham (PM) in agricultural products using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. A sample was extracted with acetonitrile, and the acetonitrile layer was separated by salting-out. The acetonitrile phase was isolated and evaporated. The extract was dissolved in diethyl ether-hexane (1 : 1), and then cleaned up on a Florisil column. The column was washed with diethyl ether-hexane (1 : 1), and PM was eluted with acetone-hexane (3 : 7), and the eluate was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in acetone-hexane (2 : 8), and the sample solution was cleaned up on SAX/PSA cartridge. The SAX/PSA cartridge was washed with acetone-hexane (2 : 8), and PM was eluted with acetone-hexane (3 : 7). If required, the eluate of the Florisil column was cleaned up with SAX/PSA and ENVI-Carb/ NH2 cartridges. The SAX/PSA cartridge was washed with acetone-hexane (2 : 8), and connected to be ENVI-Carb/NH2 cartridge. The cartridges were washed with acetone-hexane (3 : 7), and then the SAX/PSA cartridge was removed. PM was eluted with acetonitrile-toluene (3 : 1) from the ENVI-Carb/NH2 cartridge. PM in the eluate was separated isocratically on an ODS column (4.6 mm i.d. x 150 mm, 5 microm) using acetonitrile-water (6 : 4) as a mobile phase (flow-rate 1.0 mL/min, temp. 40 degrees C), with monitoring at 235 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 0.005 microg/mL to 10 microg/mL of PM. The recoveries of PM from eight kinds of agricultural products spiked at levels of 0.1 and 0.02 microg/g were 80.8-98.7%. The determination limit was 0.01 microg/g.     

Allyl esters of crambe-derived long-chain fatty acids and their polymers

Allyl esters of erucic, brassidic, behenic, oleo-erucic, and stearo-behenic acids, prepared by refluxing benzene solutions of the acids with excess allyl alcohol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, polymerize smoothly in the presence of 5 wt. % t-butyl perbenzoate at 120°C for 24 hr. Polymerization of the unsaturated acid esters involves a large portion (ca. 84%) of allylic and a small portion (ca. 26%) of ethylenic bonds. The products, saturated and unsaturated, have a degree of polymerization between 6 and 10 and are soluble in typical polymer solvents. Crystallinity, judged by thermal analysis, decreased with increased cis unsaturation. The oligomers melted between ?30°C and 59°C and started decomposing at 200°C.     

Serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonistic activity of the optical isomers of (+/-)-4-amino-N-[2-(1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-5-yl)ethyl]-5-chloro-2,3- dihydro-2-methylbenzo[b]furan-7-carboxamide

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of incongruent (asymmetric) follicular development on treatment outcome in IVF-ET and GIFT cycles. DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for infertility. PATIENT(S): Five hundred forty-three consecutive assisted reproduction cycles (428 IVF-ET and 115 GIFT) in 422 infertile patients. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and IVF-ET or GIFT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The incongruity ratio as a parameter of the asymmetry in follicular development and pregnancy rate (PR). RESULT(S): For GIFT cycles, the PRs were 37.8% and 15.7% in cycles with congruent and incongruent follicular development, respectively. However, for IVF-ET cycles, the PR was not affected by incongruent follicular development: 28.2% and 29.0%, respectively. An inverse relationship was observed between the degree of incongruity and the estimated probability of pregnancy in GIFT cycles but not in IVF-ET cycles. Neither the side of the dominant ovary nor the degree of incongruity were consistent in consecutive cycles. CONCLUSION(S): Incongruent follicular development during COH has a significantly negative influence on the outcome of GIFT cycles but not on the outcome of IVF-ET cycles. The reason for this difference is not clear. We recommend considering IVF-ET instead of GIFT if incongruent follicular development occurs.     

A useful technique for the point Successive Over Relaxation method

By gradually decreasing the relaxation parameter in the SOR method, it is shown that the number of iterations required for the unknown variables to converge to reasonable values can be reduced. This practical SOR method can also be applied for composite substances with arbitrary geometry. When applying the method to a simple example of a composite substance, the iteration number was reduced by about 20% as compared with the ordinary SOR method using an optimal relaxation parameter.     

High-performance organic field-effect transistors with binary ionic liquids

High-performance rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors are developed with binary ionic liquid electrolytes used for gating. Inclusion of small amount of inorganic salts in the ionic liquids enhances the degree of dissociation for the organic ions and accelerates formation of the electric-double-layers in response to the gate voltage. High carrier mobility of 2.9 cm²/Vs is achieved in the rubrene single-crystal transistors with the mixture ionic liquid. In addition to the advantage of the low-voltage operation due to concentrated field in ultra-thin electric-double-layers, drastically increased capacitance at above 100 Hz makes the technique of the ionic liquid gating more attractive for fast-switching devices.