离心萃取器在镍钴分离中的应用Ⅱ．用于半工业试验

本文报道３０台φ７０ｍｍ玻璃钢离心萃取器回路在金川有色金属公司半工业试验现场的试验结果。钴的单级萃取级效率＞９６％，反萃取级效率＞９４％。萃取回路连续运行１７４ｈ．处理一次合金与铜渣联合氧气浸出液３．５ｍ￣３。得到三个合格产品液：１￣＃电解镍的电解液，ＣｏＣｌ＿２溶液，Ｃｏ＞１２０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ＞１００００和ＦｅＣｌ＿３产品液，Ｆｅ＞６０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｅ／Ｎｉ＞１００００。     

神经网络技术在水处理工艺建模中的应用

应用数学方法和BP神经网络技术对水处理工艺建模进行研究,研究对象为哈尔滨市绍和水厂的原水水质、投药量与沉后水浊度之间的模型关系.在神经网络模型中,为了确保较好的建模效果,挑选代表不同水质特征的数据作为样本集,并采用提前停止法提高网络的推广能力.仿真试验证明与传统的数学模型相比,神经网络模型的建模效果更佳.     

镍离子与丙酮、丁酮分子的气相反应

用一种结合激光解离和时间飞行质谱仪的方法去研究金属离子与有机分子的气相反应。研究了金属镍离子与丙酮和丁酮分子的气相反应，并讨论了其反应机理。     

用吸附处理工艺去除饮用水中阴离子表面活性物质的实验研究

采用活性炭、沸石和硅藻土三种常用吸附剂,通过静态实验和动态实验对饮用水中低浓度阴离子表面活性物质(LAS)的去除进行了考察.静态实验结果表明,用吸附法可有效地去除LAS,并且在通常条件下受温度、pH影响不显著,但在有机物如腐殖酸浓度较高的情况下LAS的吸附明显受到抑制.动态实验比较了不同LAS浓度、不同吸附剂对流出曲线的影响,并求出LAS的孔扩散系数和液膜扩散系数.考察LAS和腐殖酸双组分溶液穿透时间及饱和分数的结果表明,腐殖酸为控制化合物,因此实际应用中只需要考虑腐殖酸的去除即可满足LAS的去除要求.     

硼锂玻璃与珍珠岩玻璃的研制及工艺试验

研制了用于固化高放废液的硼锂玻璃504~#和珍珠岩玻璃7920~#二种配方。并在工程冷试验装置上进行了玻璃固化工艺试验。本文介绍这二种玻璃的组成、工艺流程及试验结果。     

出口食品生产企业对输入国注册危机产生原因及其发展演化初探

对当前通行的国际间出口食品生产企业注册并相互实施安全卫生管理体系等效性评估的管理模式进行研究, 分析我国出口食品生产企业对外注册可能的危机产生原因、表现形式、特征以及发展趋势,并探讨对外注册危机与食品安全危机的关系,为有效实施危机管理,减少危机损失,建立危机反应和危机解决机制提供支持.     

A Facile Strategy to Prepare Small Water Clusters via Interacting with Functional Molecules

Although small water clusters (SWCs) are important in many research fields, efficient methods of preparing SWCs are still rarely reported, which is mainly due to the lack of related materials and understanding of the molecular interaction mechanisms. In this study, a series of functional molecules were added in water to obtain small water cluster systems. The decreasing rate of the half-peak width in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–water system reaches ≈20% at 0.05 mM from ¹⁷O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results. Based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation calculation, it can be concluded that functional molecules with stronger negative electrostatic potential (ESP) and higher hydrophilicity have a stronger ability to destroy big water clusters. Notably, the concentrations of our selected molecule systems are one to two magnitudes lower than that of previous reports. This study provides a promising way to optimize aqueous systems in various fields such as oilfield development, protein stability, and metal anti-corrosion.     

Observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems

This paper focuses on consensus quantized control design problem for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with unmeasured states. Every follower can be denoted through a system with unmeasurable states, hysteretic quantized input, and unknown nonlinearities. Fuzzy state observer and Fuzzy logic systems are employed to estimate unmeasured states and approximate unknown nonlinear functions, respectively. The hysteretic quantized input can be split into two bounded nonlinear functions to avoid chattering problem. By combining adaptive backstepping and first‐order filter signals, an observer‐based fuzzy adaptive quantized control scheme is designed for each follower. All signals exist in closed‐loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and all followers can accomplish a desired consensus results. Finally, a numerical example is employed to elaborate the effectiveness of proposed control strategy.     

Photothermal Janus Anode with Photosynthesis‐Shielding Effect for Activating Low‐Temperature Biological Wastewater Treatment

Biological wastewater treatment (BWT), which is used to manage global wastewater, suffers from a sharp decrease in microbial activity at low temperature (<10 °C). Photothermal technology with a high energy efficiency theoretically exceeding 80% has the potential to activate low‐temperature BWT. However, photothermal BWT is threatened by the propagation of photosynthetic algae in wastewater under irradiation, and these microorganisms can suppress the functional bacteria or even kill anaerobic species by photosynthetically releasing oxygen. Herein, taking microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a representative biological reactor, a photothermal Janus anode (PTJA) is designed, composed of a carbon black/polydimethylsiloxane photothermal nonporous layer and a graphite felt porous layer to promote low‐temperature BWT. Unlike traditional symmetrical porous anodes, the nonporous layer of the PTJA can isolate the wastewater in the porous layer from light irradiation during photothermal conversion, thus preventing photosynthetic algae from poisoning anaerobic functional microbes. Under ≈1 sun illumination, the PTJA MFC exhibits 1.6 and 24.2 times higher organic pollutant removal rate and power density generation, respectively, than MFCs using traditional anodes for low‐temperature BWT (7.0 ± 2.0 °C). This development can allow novel utilization of solar energy and is a promising resolution for low‐temperature BWT.