Closely packed Si@C and Sn@C nano-particles anchored by reduced graphene oxide sheet boosting anode performance of lithium ion batteries

Both silicon and tin are promising anodes for new generation lithium ion batteries due to high lithium storage capacities (theoretically 4200 mA h g-1 and 992 mA h g-1,respectively).However,their large volumetric expansions (both are above 300 ％) usually lead to poor cycling stability.In this case,we synthesized closely packed Si@C and Sn@C nano-particles anchored by reduced graphene oxide (denoted as Si@C/Sn@C/rGO) by the way of solution impregnation and subsequent hydrogenation reduction.Sn particles with a diameter of 100 nm are coated by carbon and surrounded by Si@C particles around 40 nm in average diameter through the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Expansions of Si and Sn are alleviated by carbon shells,and reduced graphene oxide sheets accommodate their volume changes.The prepared Si@C/Sn@C/rGO electrode delivers an enhanced initial coulombic efficiency (78％),rate capability and greatly improved cycle stability (a high reversible capacity of nearly 1000 mA h g-1 is achieved after 300 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g-1).It can be believed that packing Sn@C nano-particles with Si@C relieves the volume expansion of both and releases the expansion stresses.Sn@C particles enhance anode process kinetics by reducing charge transfer resistance and increasing lithium ion diffusion coefficient.The present work provides a viable strategy for facilely synthesizing silicon-tin-carbon composite anode with long life.     

Calcinable Polymer Membrane with Revivability for Efficient Oily‐Water Remediation

Fouling of polymeric membranes remains a major challenge for long‐term operation of oily‐water remediation. The common reclamation methods to recycle fouled membranes have the issues of either incomplete degradation of organic pollutants or damage to filter membranes. Here, a calcinable polymer membrane with effective reclamation after fouling is reported, which shows full recovery of the original oil/water separation efficiency. The membrane is made of polysulfonamide/polyacrylonitrile fibers by emulsion electrospinning, followed by hydrothermal decoration of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The bonding structured fibrous membrane displays outstanding thermal stability in air (400 °C), strong acid/alkali resistance (at the pH range from 1 to 13), and robust tensile strength. As a result, the chemically fouled polymeric membrane can be easily reclaimed without decreasing in separation performance and mechanical properties by annealing treatment. As a proof‐of‐concept, the as‐prepared membrane is integrated into a wastewater separation tank, which achieves a high water flux over 3000 L m^?2 h^?1 and oil rejection efficiency of 99.6% for various oil‐in‐water emulsions. The presented strategy on membrane fabrication is believed to be an effective remedy for membrane fouling, and should apply in a wider field of filtration industry.     

等截面连续受压直杆临界荷载的求解

利用材料力学、常微分方程及行列式知识,求解了连续受压杆率曲微分方程,计算了不同长度组合受压杆的整体临界荷载及计算长度系数,与钢结构设计中所采用的计算长度系数进行了对比分析。     

氧化锌压敏陶瓷几何效应的统计法研究

本文实验研究了ZuO压敏陶瓷击穿、非线性指数α和脉冲大电流冲击后击穿场强E_1mA变化率的几何效应．对ZuO晶粒尺寸的统计分析表明它基本服从正态分布．建立了微观结构模型,计算机模拟得到的击穿几何效应规律与实验规律相同．临界厚度d_c与方差σ²和平均晶粒尺寸μ的乘积成正比．     

镍的萃取和钴电解液净化：2.溶剂萃取净化钴电解液

采用三段萃取流程净化钴电解液：Ｐ２０４萃取除铁,锌、锰、环烷酸－吡啶酯萃取除铜,ＨＡ－ＰＥ２０６萃取除镍。进行了半工业试验,净化后液满足生产１＃钴新液要求（Ｃｏ１００ｇ／１,Ｆｅ〈０．００１ｇ／１,Ｚｎ〈０．００１ｇ／１,Ｃｕ〈０．０００３ｇ／１）,并得到１号钴产品。     

水陆两栖车矢量喷口装置设计与仿真

为提高水陆两栖车水上航行时的操纵性与稳定性,提出一种新型矢量喷口装置.喷口装置有俯仰与旋转两个运动自由度,可以控制喷水推进器喷射水流的方向,生成方向可控的三维矢量推力.根据水陆两栖车喷水推进理论,完成满足某型轮式两栖车航行动力需求与平台约束的喷水泵基本参数设计.依据计算的水泵出口直径完成与喷水泵一体化的矢量喷口结构与控...     

非球形导电粒子与绝缘体复合材料的介电增强研究

导电粒子掺入到绝缘体中会显着提高其介电常数,理论上这种增强超出了C-M方程和其它偶极近似的结果.近来有人[1]引入一种有效集结模型来描述这种增长规律,其中对于非球形导电粒子的影响引入一个形状因子u₀来描述,但他们都是把绝缘体作为基体来处理.本文的目的在于采用对等来处理这种介质,像文献[2]一样来修正D-J方程,同时与铜、铝微粒掺入聚乙烯中的实验规律进行了比较,微观分析了微粒的形貌和分布,得到与理论相符合的结果.     

微波水热法制备纳米Fe3O4粉体

通过微波水热法制备了纳米Fe3O4颗粒,并对其进行了Ostwald熟化处理。研究了油酸和氢氧化钠含量对纳米Fe3O4粒径大小以及分散性的影响。利用XRD、TEM等方式对所制备颗粒的结构、形貌进行了表征,结果表明,所制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子属于反尖晶石结构,通过微波加热未经熟化的纳米Fe3O4粒子结晶度较低,平均粒径为6nm。经过在180℃下熟化8h后,转化为结晶度较高,分散性较好,平均粒径为7nm的纳米Fe3O4颗粒。     

BDD电极电催化降解苯酚废水的研究

采用直流等离子体化学气相沉积方法制备了硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)薄膜电极。以苯酚为目标污染物,研究了苯酚废水在电极上的电化学降解规律及降解历程。结果表明,不同浓度的苯酚在电极上均能够完全矿化成CO2。高浓度条件下,苯酚先转化成中间产物,然后中间产物再氧化成CO2;低浓度条件下,苯酚氧化反应迅速,直接矿化成CO2。提高电流密度能够加速苯酚的降解,但会导致电流效率下降。苯酚的降解历程为对位首先受到·OH自由基的攻击,生成对苯二酚,再开环形成顺、反丁烯二酸与乙酸,然后顺、反丁烯二酸在阴极还原为丁二酸,丁二酸氧化脱羧形成丙二酸、乙酸、草酸或甲酸,最终氧化成CO2。     

PSpice仿真软件在模拟电子技术教学中的应用

介绍了PSpice仿真软件的基本功能和特点。通过教学实例,论述了将PSpice仿真软件引入实验教学和实践的方法,结果表明在模拟电子技术实验教学中引入PSpice仿真软件可将理论和实践有机结合,有益于传统模拟电子技术实验教学方法的补充和改进。