The origin of varistor property of SrTiO3-based ceramics

The role of oxygen in the heat-treatment process of SrTiO₃ varistor ceramics has been investigated in this paper. The varistor voltage of SrTiO₃ ceramics has been found to be independent of the sample thickness and it increases with the heat-treatment temperature. It has been further revealed that the dielectric property is mainly governed by a highly resistive surface layer. The XPS results of Mn 2p and O 1s suggest that the surface layer is formed by oxygen diffusion and surface chemisorption at grain boundaries during the heat treatment in air. The chemisorption of oxygen in grain boundaries, which leads to the highly resistive surface layer, is the origin of the varistor property of SrTiO₃ ceramics.     

生态木构--美国南方松木构系统及其在景观设计中的运用

生态的思想结合现实的设计往往需要各方面的努力。美国南方松木构系统作为材料供应在物质循环和能量消耗方面，为设计师特别是景观设计师提供了良好的生态环保途径。南方松不仅有着较完备的加工和配备系统及等级评定和检测体系，而且在设计实践方面范围宽广，运用极其灵活，在国内外都留下了诸多佳例。     

氯化浸出镍溶液净化全流程研究

本文针对镍精矿、铜渣与一次合金氯化浸出镍溶液的净化和钴、铁的富集回收，就萃取体系的选择，流程设计、分离技术等进行了研究。用单一的Ｎ＿（２３５）（三辛胺）萃取体系同时去除溶液中的铁、铜、钴等杂质，用离子交换法去除溶液中的铅，净化后溶液可满足生产１号电镍的要求，镍收率大于９９％。钻溶液含钴大于ｕ０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ＞５６００，钴收率大于９７％。铁溶液含铁４０～７０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｆｏ／Ｎｉ＞１０００。本流程进行了萃取平衡试验，并用离心萃取器进行了台架试验和半工业试验，结果表明，本流程是切实可行的。     

基于响应面方法的喷水推进器进水流道多目标优化

为提高喷水推进器进水流道的流动性能,在给定进水流道出口直径D、流道高度H和流道总长度L等条件下,针对目标变量流道效率η、出口速度加权平均角θ和出口速度不均匀系数ξ,基于响应面方法对倾斜角α和过渡段半径R_T进行优化设计。采用中心复合设计法和拉丁超立方法生成35组样本点,建立目标变量随设计变量变化的响应面模型,进行局部敏感性和全局敏感性分析,发现倾斜角α对不同目标变量的影响程度均高于过渡段半径R_T. 采用多目标遗传算法对η、θ和ξ进行优化分析,得到满足条件的Pareto解。研究结果表明：优化之后,η从91.2%提高至94.1%,θ从82.5°提高至87.1°,ξ从0.152降低至0.068.     

The role of nitrobenzene on the yield of trihalomethane formation potential in aqueous solutions with Microcystis aeruginosa

Algae are one of the most important disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in aquatic environments. The contents of DBP precursors in algae are influenced by not only environmental factors but also some xenobiotics. Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in both the separate and interactive pollution of Microcystis aeruginosa and Nitrobenzene (NB) was investigated in batch experiment to discover the effects of xenobiotics on the yield of DBP precursors in the algal solution. The results show that in the separate NB solution, NB did not react with Cl₂ to form trihalomethane (THM), whereas in the algae solution, THMFP had a significant positive linear correlation with M. aeruginosa density in both solution and extracellular organic matter (EOM). The correlation coefficients were 0.9845 (p = 3.567 × 10⁻⁴) and 0.9854 (p = 1.406 × 10⁻⁴), respectively. According to regression results, about 77.9% of the total THMFP came from the algal cells, while the rest came from EOM. When the interactive pollution of M. aeruginosa and NB occurred, the growth of algae was inhibited by NB. The density of M. aeruginosa in a high concentration NB solution (280 μg/L) was only 71.1% of that in the solution without NB after 5 days of incubation. However, THMFP in the mixture (algae and NB) and the EOM did not change significantly, and the productivity of THMFP by the algae (THMFP/10⁸cells) increased with the increase in NB concentration. There was a significant linear correlation between THMFP/10⁸cell and NB concentration (r = 0.9117, p < 0.01), which shows the contribution of the algae to THM formation was enhanced by NB. This result might be caused by the increased protein productivity and the biodegradation of NB by M. aeruginosa.     

Bio-reaction of nitrobenzene with Microcystis aeruginosa: characteristics, kinetics and application

The bio-reaction of nitrobenzene (NB) with Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated at different initial algal densities and NB concentrations by performing static experiments. The results showed that the elimination of NB was enhanced by the bio-reaction, and the reaction rate varied as a function of the reaction time. Moreover, the reaction rate was significantly affected by the algal density and NB concentration. A kinetic analysis showed that the elimination of NB in a solution without algae appeared to be pseudo-first-order with respect to the NB concentration, whereas a first-order model was too oversimplified to describe the elimination of NB in a solution with algae. Assuming that different algal cells have the same effect on the bio-reaction under the same conditions, the bio-reaction can be described as dC_NB = −k₀C_A^mA_NBⁿdt (where k₀ is the reaction rate constant, C_A is the algae density and C_NB is the concentration of NB). When the growth of algae was not considered, the value of k₀, m and n were 8.170 × 10⁻⁴, 0.5887 and 1.692, respectively. Alternatively, when algae were in the exponential growth phase, the value of k₀, m and n were 1.6871 × 10⁻⁵, 0.7248 and 2.5407, respectively, according to a nonlinear fitting analysis. The kinetic model was also used to elucidate the effect of nutritional limitation on the bio-reaction.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界成藏组合划分与分布评价

对鄂尔多斯盆地中生界三叠系延长组成藏组合进行了系统的划分。在划分过程中,主要根据成藏组合的定义,并充分考虑目的层的:①烃源岩分布和砂体分布;②构造、古构造分布、主要断裂分布及油气运移疏导系统空间分布;③所在成藏组合主要烃源岩分布;④所在成藏组合盖层分布,特别是区域性盖层分布。另外,还考虑目前认识的构造圈闭及可能的其他圈闭分布情况,并分析含油气系统的保存情况。盆地中生界延长组划分为6个成藏组合:长₁₀-长₇下部成藏组合、长₇-长₅中部成藏组合、长₇-长₄₊₅中部成藏组合、长₄₊₅-长₃上部成藏组合、长₄₊₅-长₂上部成藏组合和长₄-长₁上部成藏组合。通过对各组合的生、储、盖层分析,认为中生界成藏组合主要分布在伊-陕斜坡西北部、东南部、西南部和天环坳陷南部。     

二氧化钛纳米管的制备、改性及应用

二氧化钛纳米管因其特殊的形貌和高度有序的特性成为了目前研究的热点之一.本文系统回顾了近年来有关二氧化钛纳米管的相关研究,着重阐述了二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,主要包括模板法、阳极氧化法、水热法;在此基础上,详细论述了掺杂、复合等对二氧化钛纳米管进行改性的方法;并简要介绍了二氧化钛纳米管及其复合材料在环境、能源等领域的应用.最后,展望了二氧化钛纳米管的主要研究方向是对形成机理、管形貌调控、表面改性等方面做进一步研究,以期为后续的研究提供参考.     

铜基银枝晶的制备和氧还原电催化性能

通过迦尔瓦尼置换反应在不同的Ag+溶液中制备出了铜基银枝晶,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学工作站分别对样品的结构、微观形貌以及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,随着溶液中Ag+浓度和反应时间的增加,银的形貌从团簇状向树枝状转变,氧还原电催化性能也增强;在相同浓度Ag+溶液中,SO42-比NO3-更能促进枝晶的生长,但当阴离子是NO3-时比阴离子是SO42-时所制备的银枝晶的氧还原电催化性能更好;在10 mmol/L AgNO3溶液中,反应时间为1800 s时制备的银枝晶电极使H2O2的还原峰电流最大,在0.1 mol/L Na2SO4+5mmol/L H2O2溶液中,恒电位为-0.32 V时,其稳态电流密度可达2.83 mA/cm2。初步提出了银枝晶的生长机制和H2O2的氧还原催化机制。