Layered double hydroxides with atomic-scale defects for superior electrocatalysis

Atomic composition tuning and defect engineering are effective strategies toenhance the catalytic performance of multicomponent catalysts by improvingthe synergetic effect; however, it remains challenging to dramatically tune the active sites on multicomponent materials through simultaneous defect engineeringat the atomic scale because of the similarities of the local environment. Herein,using the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as a probe reaction, we deliberatelyintroduced base-soluble Zn(II) or Al(III) sites into NiFe layered double hydroxides(LDHs), which are one of the best OER catalysts. Then, the Zn(II) or Al(III) siteswere selectively etched to create atomic M(II)/M(III) defects, which dramaticallyenhanced the OER activity. At a current density of 20 mA·cm^?2, only 200 mV overpotential was required to generate M(II) defect-rich NiFe LDHs, which is the best NiFe-based OER catalyst reported to date. Density functional theory(DFT) calculations revealed that the creation of dangling Ni–Fe sites (i.e., unsaturated coordinated Ni–Fe sites) by defect engineering of a Ni–O–Fe site at the atomic scale efficiently lowers the Gibbs free energy of the oxygen evolutionprocess. This defect engineering strategy provides new insights into catalysts atthe atomic scale and should be beneficial for the design of a variety of catalysts.

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基于Sarsa算法和蚁群优化的监测网络路由控制设计

为了克服已有监测网络路由控制方法所具有的传输路径长和能量消耗高的缺点,设计了一种基于Sarsa算法和蚁群优化算法混合模型的路由控制策略;首先,建立了以MA(Mobile Agent)为基础的路由控制模型,并以访问时间和能耗消耗为基础设计了目标函数,然后,基于改进的蚁群算法设计了一种从数据发送节点到Sink节点的路由设计方法,采用节点之间的距离作为冗余度标准获取合理的下一跳邻居节点集,并采用Sarsa算法来对各路径的信息素进行更新,最后,对基于Sarsa算法和蚁群优化算法混合模型的路由控制算法进行了描述;在NS2环境下进行仿真实验,结果证明文中方法能有效实现网络路由控制,最优路由的获取过程的总仿真时间为300ms,是一种适用于监测网络路由控制的有效方法。     

基于GM(1,1)预测和虚拟机迁移的云计算负载均衡策略设计

针对云计算中心虚拟机集群负载的不均衡问题,设计了一种基于GM(1,1)预测和虚拟机迁移的负载均衡策略;首先,描述了云计算中心的负载均衡原理,介绍了经典ELB算法并总结了其缺点,然后,设计了基于GM(1,1)的虚拟机负载预测算法,能根据虚拟机的历史负载信息来预测下一时刻的负载信息,能有效克服ELB算法中仅依赖当前时刻负载而进行虚拟机的删除和增加,同时通过设定不同的阈值来实现虚拟机的增加、删除和迁移,最后,定义了基于预测机制和虚拟机迁移的负载均衡算法,能在创建虚拟机时根据用户的请求定制AMIs模板,从而提交用户请求的响应速度;在CloudSim环境下进行实验,实验结果表明文中方法能有效地实现云计算中心虚拟机集群的负载均衡,与其它方法相比,具有负载均衡高和负载均衡效率高的优点,是一种有效的云计算环境的负载均衡策略。     

Protein crystal growth in microgravity using a liquid/liquid diffusion method

Crystallization of proteins by liquid liquid diffusion method was performed in microgravity using the MDA Minilab aboard the US Space Shuttle. Three proteins, namely lysozyme, trichosanthin, and a new lechin, were crystallized in the space experiment. In contrast to the results of space experiments with a tube-like vapor diffusion method, the crystallization conditions for growing better crystals in space are remarkably different from the conditions optimized on earth. This may be due to difficulties in ground optimization, which are caused by gravity-dependent phenomena, in particular the specific convective flow occurring with liquid liquid diffusion.     

Property-microstructure correlation in in situ formed Al2O3, TiB2 and Al3Ti mixture-reinforced aluminium composites

The in situ formed Al₂O₃, TiB₂ and Al₃Ti mixture-reinforced aluminium composites were successfully fabricated by the reaction sintering of the TiO₂-B-Al system in a vacuum. With increasing boron content in the TiO₂-B-Al system, the amount of generated TiB₂ in the composites increased and Al₃Ti content decreased. At the same time the distribution uniformity of the in situ formed Al₂O₃ and TiB₂ particulates was obviously improved, and the size of the Al₃Ti particles was reduced. The in situ Al₂O₃ and TiB₂ particulates had sizes from 0.096–1.88 m. The interface between the in situ formed particulates and the aluminium matrix was clean, and no consistent crystallographic orientation relationship was found. The strength and elastic modulus of the composites was significantly improved by lowering the Al₃Ti content. When the boron content in the TiO₂-B-Al system rose, the morphology of the tensile fracture surface of the composites was changed from large fractured Al₃Ti blocks and fine dimples, to fine dimples and pulled-out particulates. The strengthening and fracture of the composites have been modelled.     

不同气液流量下喷射器内液滴特性分析

单重态氧是氧碘化学激光的能量来源,其反应生成效率直接影响COIL输出的激光功率和光束质量.单重态氧的反应生成效率取决于气液接触面积,喷射式单重态氧生成器的气液接触面积与喷射器内的液滴分布有关.本文利用商业计算流体力学软件.Fluent 6.3,对喷射式单重态氧发生器内不同气液流量情况下的液滴直径、速度分布规律进行模拟.模拟过程主动流体为水,被动流体为氯气和氦气的混合气体,通过模拟得出了不同气液流量情况下,喷射器内液滴的直径、速度分布情况.在液相流率不变的情况下,随气相流率的增大,喷射器内的液滴平均直径减小,平均速度增大,直径方差和速度方差减小,液滴直径和速度分布趋于集中,且变化趋势随气相流率的增大而减缓;当气相流率不变时,随液相流率的增大.液滴平均直径减小,平均速度增大,直径方差和速度方差都增大,液滴直径和速度分布趋于分散.     

AD9707高速DAC的内部寄存器配置

由于高速DAC内部集成度的不断加大,DAC外围电路趋于简单化,用户可以根据自己的需求配置DAC内部寄存器来选择DAC的工作模式。本文在介绍AD9707的工作原理和典型电路的基础上,着重阐述了通过ARM和FPGA两种方式分别配置AD9707内部寄存器的方法,同时给出了两种配置方法基本操作的具体步骤和相应代码。     

ARM与射频芯片TRF796x的SPI通信研究

针对SPI总线接口缺乏标准协议的特点,提出了SPI器件之间通信的一般方法。论文阐述了ARM芯片内置SPI硬件控制器的工作原理和时序,并对射频芯片TRF7960x的工作模式与读写要求进行了分析。在此基础上,根据TRF796x的时序特性和访问要求,采用ARM芯片的硬件SPI方式实现对TRF796x的读写访问与控制,并在RFID门禁系统中验证了通信结果。     

基于蚁群算法的网格资源发现模型研究

本文通过对传统的网格资源发现存在的问题进行分析,针对其不足,引入蚁群算法,提出基于蚁群算法的网格资源发现模型（AA_GRRM）,设计并分析AA_GRRM的体系结构,并对其关键模块分析设计,以提高网格资源发现效率。     

无线镀膜玻璃色差数据实时监测系统的设计

针对玻璃生产线布线困难、电磁干扰强、数据处理效率低的状况,设计了无线镀膜玻璃色差数据实时监测系统;介绍了无线射频收发芯片nRF2401AG的原理及特点,采用了无线通信技术和数据库技术,阐述了将Visual C++6.0作为开发平台,镀膜玻璃色差数据无线收发、实时监测、实时存储、动态显示等实现过程;经实际验证:该系统无线通信稳定可靠、数据处理效率高;满足了工程实际应用需求,具有很好的实用性和推广价值。