Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by gadolinium addition

Based on the previous investigation on beneficial introduction of holmium into magnesium alloy, the effect of gadolinium, an adjacent rare earth element, on corrosion resistance was examined. The corrosion behavior of two Mg-9Al-Gd alloys （Mg-9Al-0.45Gd and Mg-9Al-l.43Gd） was evaluated and compared with that of Mg-9Al alloy without Gd by means of specimen mass loss and hydrogen evolution in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg（OH）2. The Gd-containing alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance with respect to the plain Mg-9Al alloy. The microstructures of Mg-9Al alloy and Mg-9Al-0.45 Gd alloy were observed by electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS）. The alloys with Gd addition show a microstructure characterized by a phase solid solution, surrounded by minor amount of β phase and more grain-like Gd-containing phase. To illustrate the involved mechanism their polarization curves were recorded. The electrochemical investigations reveal that Gd addition shifts the corrosion potential of the alloy towards active, as Gd containing phase is more active and hence less cathodic. As a result, the micro-galvanic corrosion is suppressed. Moreover corrosion product films formed on the Gd containing alloys are more compact and provide a better protective effectiveness than that on the alloy without Gd against corrosion. Repassivation measurements in mixture solution of 0.21 mol/L K2CrO4＋0.6 mol/L NaCI also verify the beneficial role of Gd addition. Based on the present preliminary analysis, both the deposited Gd-containing phases and corrosion product films are believed to be responsible for the improved corrosion behaviour due to Gd addition.     

FeAl/FeAlSi非对称膜材料的制备及膜基结合性能

目的制备高温腐蚀环境下应用的Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料,研究膜与基体的结合性能。方法采用粉末反应合成法制备大孔径、高孔隙度的FeAlSi多孔体作为支撑体,通过浸渍法在支撑体表面制备小孔径的FeAl涂层作为膜层,再经烧结得到Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料。研究Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料的孔结构性能及膜基结合性能。采用XRD和SEM研究多孔膜材料的物相组成及微观形貌,采用孔结构测试仪及压汞法测试支撑体与膜层的孔结构参数,采用拉伸法和反吹实验研究Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料的膜基结合性能。结果 Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料表面膜层均匀、完整,膜层与支撑体之间具有冶金结合。支撑体的孔隙度和平均孔径分别为43.0%和22.7μm,膜层的孔隙度和平均孔径分别为36.5%和7.5μm。当膜层厚度增加时,膜材料的透气度下降,最大孔径在一定膜层厚度范围内变化不大,当膜层厚度在150～300μm范围内时,最大孔径约为7.8μm。膜层与支撑体的结合强度大于5.5 MPa。结论浸渍法制备的Fe Al/Fe Al Si非对称膜材料的孔结构性能优异,膜基结合性能满足工业应用。     

Electrochemical production of Sn-filled carbon nanotubes in molten salts

Sn-filled carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were prepared in situ by electrolysis of graphite in molten LiCl/SnCl2 mixtures. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) investigation shows that the as-made products contain abun-dance of carbon nanotubes and most of them are filled with metal nanoparticles or nanorods. Some nanotubes are e-ven inserted with long continuous nanowires more than several micrometers in length. Selected area electron diffrac-tion(SAED) patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) of the filled nanotubes confirm the presence of Sn inside the nanotubes. The encapsulated Sn was further identified as β-Sn with tetragonal structure. Based on the experimental results, a possible growth mechanism of the Sn-filled nanotubes was also discussed.     

热连轧机轧辊用多元白口铁的冶金技术

从合金设计、凝固组织、凝固顺序、相图、相转变行为和热处理特性等方面综述多元白口铁作为热连轧精轧机架工作辊的新材质的研发.结果表明,共晶碳化物的类型和形态能通过合金成分组合控制.从连续冷却转变图获得的相转变行为对热处理过程提供了有用的指导.投入实际应用时其抗磨性优于常规轧辊.     

铸态高韧性球铁QT400-18的生产应用技术

为了稳定生产铸态QT400-18、厚壁100～200 mm的高炉冷却壁铸件,通过生产试验与调整,控制化学成分(ω):C=3.35%～3.80%,Si=2.5%～2.9%,Mn≤0.2%,P≤0.055%,S≤0.025%;冲天炉熔炼,采用球铁专用生铁和铸造焦,出铁温度1 500℃;采用低稀土FeSiMg8RE3球化剂进行球化处理,75SiFe在包内、出铁槽、浮硅及随流等多次孕育,获得铸态强度δb≥430 MPa,伸长率≥20%的铸态球铁铸件.     

7475铝合金断裂韧性KIC的各向异性

采用标准紧凑拉伸试样测定了7475铝合金T-L和L-T向的平面应变断裂韧性KIC值。利用扫描电镜分析了断口形貌,对7475合金KIC各向异性的程度和机理进行了研究。结果表明:7475合金的断裂韧性具有明显的各向异性,T-L向的KIC约比L-T向低10MPa·m1/2或25%左右。同一取向上,KIC的大小与时效制度及加工工艺有关。     

ZL114A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织与性能

研究了ZL114A铸造铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊。通过观察接头的显微组织，发现在焊核处均匀分布着大量细化的硅粒子，同时母材的铸造孔洞消失；与母材相比，焊核区的硬度分布较均匀，变化幅度小，拉伸试验大都断裂在接头热影响区处，接头的抗拉强度可达母材的70％右，表现出了较好的机械性能。试验结果表明，搅拌摩擦焊焊接ZL114A铝合金，可以得到成形美观、内部无缺陷、几乎无变形的焊接接头。     

6061铝合金低温快速流变行为的研究

采用圆柱体试样，在Gleeble-1500型动态热模拟试验机上进行低温快速压缩试验，研究了6061铝合金低温下快速变形的流变行为，并分析了其变形组织。结果表明，6061铝合金的流变应力随变形温度升高而降低，随应变速率提高而增大；在高应变速率下，发生了不连续动态再结晶；温升强烈地受变形程度的影响；低温快速变形可获得晶粒细小的组织。     

氯化物熔体中电解制备Dy—Cu中间合金的研究

用循环伏安法、恒电位电解断电后的电极电位－时间曲线、电位阶跃法和Ｘ射线衍射法研究了Ｃｕ电极在ＮａＣｌ－ＫＣｌ－ＤｙＣｌ３熔体中的电化学行为，获知Ｄｙ在Ｃｕ电极上的还原过程是首先生成Ｄｙ－Ｃｕ合金，然后才析出纯金属Ｄｙ．测得Ｄｙ－Ｃｕ合金在１０７３Ｋ的标准生成自由能；在１０２３－１１４３Ｋ范围内，Ｄｙ原子在Ｄｙ－Ｃｕ合金相中的扩散系数与温度的关系式为ｌｎＤ＝－６７．１×１０３／ＲＴ－１５．８，其扩散活化能为６７．１ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１．用自耗阴极法制取了Ｄｙ－Ｃｕ中间合金并对其工艺条件进行了探讨。电解制取了含Ｄｙ高达９２％（质量分数）的Ｄｙ－Ｃｕ中间合金，其组成为ＤｙＣｕ和Ｄｙ，电流效率可达８０％．     

Cu、Nb对多元Fe基非晶合金的形成及热稳定性的影响

以具有宽过冷液相区成分的Fe-Al-Ga-P-B-（C）-Si合金作为研究对象，研究了Cu、Nb元素及其加入量对合金非晶形成能力和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，当Cu加入量超过2％（原子百分比）时，合金中有晶化相析出，而低于2％时则表现为完全的非晶态。与不加铜的非晶合金相比，含铜非晶态合金的玻璃转变温度瓦和晶化温度瓦均向高温区移动，过冷液相区△Tx减小，表明非晶合金的热稳定性下降。在非晶合金形成方面．Nb也有类似的效果。含铌0、5％合金的过冷液相区△Tx大于不含铌元素的合金，表明具有较大的玻璃形成能力和稳定性。