超声脉冲电脱盐在塔河中质原油加工中的应用

介绍超声波脉冲电脱盐组合技术在中国石化洛阳分公司塔河中质原油加工中的应用情况,对于脱盐难度较大的塔河中质原油,采用超声脉冲电脱盐组合技术,能够完全替代破乳剂,达到脱后含盐接近3 mg/L的理想效果,电脱盐排水含油量平均降至48 mg/L,采用超声脉冲电脱盐技术稳定了电脱盐操作。     

Supply chain models with corporate social responsibility

Currently, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a critical issue because more than 88% of consumers think companies should try to achieve their business goals while improving society and the environment. This paper focuses on a CSR supply chain where an Original Equipment Manufacturer’s (OEM’s) sales can be significantly reduced because of its oversea supplier’s social misconduct. Specifically, as in a conventional wholesale price contract the supplier determines its wholesale price and the OEM decides its order quantity, but in a CSR supply chain, the supplier can autonomously change its CSR cost once a minimum requirement is satisfied. A higher CSR cost means that the supplier invests more in its corporate social responsibility and the OEM’s sales will be less likely to be influenced by negative CSR events. The equilibrium solutions show an important dilemma – although the supplier’s profit increases in the basic CSR requirement, the supplier will always use the minimum CSR cost under the conventional wholesale price contract, which eventually leads to a low supply chain profit. Thus, we introduce two different contracts to handle this problem: the flexible quantity contract and the wholesale price incentive contract, which are, respectively, a ‘tough’ way and a ‘beneficent’ way for the OEM to solve the problem. Although the two ways cannot (always) coordinate the supply chain, we show that they both will significantly improve the supply chain performance. Our results also show that in some conditions, one strategy will dominate, whereas in different conditions the other strategy dominates.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of LiBaPO<Subscript>4</Subscript>:Bi<Superscript>3+</Superscript> yellow-emitting phosphor for solid-state lighting

Novel LiBaPO₄:Bi³⁺ yellow-emitting phosphor is synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method in air. With excitation 260 nm, LiBaPO₄:Bi³⁺ phosphor emits yellow light with the chromaticity coordinate (0.4272, 0.4657) and color rendering index 77.7. Emission band peaking at ~?588 nm of LiBaPO₄:Bi³⁺ phosphor in the range of 400–790 nm is attributed to the ³P₁ → ¹S₀ electron transition of Bi³⁺ ion. Excitation band monitored at 588 nm in the range of 220–300 nm is assigned to the ¹S₀ → ³P₁ electron transition of Bi³⁺ ion. The optimal Bi³⁺ ion concentration in LiBaPO₄:Bi³⁺ phosphor is ~?1.0 mol%. Time resolved spectra and fluorescence lifetime data confirm that there is only Bi³⁺ ion luminous center in LiBaPO₄:Bi³⁺ phosphor. The luminous mechanism is analyzed by configurational coordinate diagram of Bi³⁺ ion. The experiment results are helpful to develop other new Bi³⁺-doped optical materials for solid-state lighting.     

浅谈农村流动放映用声频放大器的性能指标与检测

一、概述 农村数字电影流动放映系统的还音设备主要包括声频功率放大器(以下简称功放)和与之配套的扬声器.本文着重介绍使用AP音频分析仪(Audio Precision)对功放的性能指标进行检测的方法.功放的输入端与数字电影放映播放器的输出端以RCA线连接,输出端与扬声器以Speakon接头相连(如图1),其作用是将数字电影播放器输出的低电平音频信号进行放大,使其输出功率匹配扬声器,如实地将音频信号的音质与音色以足够的功率展现出来.鉴于目前所使用的数字电影流动放映还音系统为双声道立体声还音系统,以下所介绍的功放的性能指标和检测方法均以双声道功放为例.     

Field cross correlator for analysis of ultrafast signals

The cross-correlation function between two light fields is recorded with the help of a new device. The proposed correlator exhibits ultrashort time resolution. The optical path difference between the two interfering beams does not have to be known with interferometric precision. The experimental dynamic range proved to be as large as 10(5). The device features imaging capabilities that could be applied to the analysis of two-dimensional images with ultrashort time resolution.     

Physical properties of transition to chaos in RF-driven Josephson junction analog

An analog circuit is used to investigate the behavior of the transition to chaos in the rf-driven Josephson junction under the variation of excitation amplitude and frequency with McCumber parameter >1. A series of transitions is observed, including a hysteretic jump, symmetry breaking, period doubling, and intermittency prior to chaos, and the transition boundaries are given in a state diagram in the vs. parameter space. Thus, the sequence of transitions to chaos can be inferred from this diagram. Based on these results, the harmonic balance method and Floquet theory are applied to study the instability of the transition series. It is suggested that all these transitions to chaos can be explained as parametric excitations. In addition, the transition boundaries in the state diagram can be satisfactorily computed from the conditions with a Floquet multiplier =±1.     

Strain monitoring in glass fiber reinforced composites embedded with carbon nanopaper sheet using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors

A novel approach has been developed to fabricate multifunctional nanocomposites using carbon nanopaper sheets. In this study, vapor grown carbon nanofibers are pre-formed as carbon nanopaper sheet. The carbon nanopaper sheet had a porous structure with highly entangled carbon nanofibers. The as-prepared carbon nanopaper sheet was integrated into the laminates through vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. To study the integrity of the hybrid nanocomposites, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were embedded into laminated composites. Two types of composite specimens were fabricated to study the characteristics of strain distribution between different layers. The inter-layer strains of the laminates with carbon nanopaper sheet under static bending loads were measured, indicating that carbon nanopaper sheet was fully integrated to the laminates. A tensile test of the laminates with carbon nanopaper sheet as surface layer was conducted, indicating a good bonding between carbon nanopaper sheet and baseline laminates. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the impregnation of carbon nanopaper by the resin during the VARTM process. The SEM images show that a complete penetration of the resin through carbon nanopaper was achieved. Therefore, there was a good structural integrity of carbon nanopaper sheet with the laminates.     

Effect of hammer peening on fatigue life of aluminum alloy 2A12-T4

In this study, a series of tests were conducted in aluminum alloy 2A12-T4 to investigate the effect of hammer peening process on the fatigue behavior of holes in specimens. The fracture surfaces of the specimens were observed by means of an optical microscope in order to disclose the mechanism of fatigue failure. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the distribution of residual stress around the holes which were preliminarily treated with hammer peening. The results revealed that the crack of a hammer peened hole always initiated at the peened face. The fatigue life of these hammer peened holes significantly was prolonged five fold compared to non-hammer peened holes. Their fatigue life showed a positive correlation with the residual plastic strain which was induced by hammer peening process. The longest fatigue life was found in cases in which the residual plastic strain surrounded the whole bore of the hole but did not emerge at the fix face.     

C／C多层类金刚石薄膜的热稳定性研究

采用磁过滤直流阴极真空弧源沉积技术,通过改变基体偏压,在单晶Si片和0Cr19Ni9基体表面制备了C/C多层类金刚石薄膜。为了考察多层膜的热稳定性,对薄膜进行了300℃及400℃退火处理,采用X射线光电子能谱、硬度实验及摩擦磨损性能测试分析了退火对薄膜结构及性能的影响。结果表明在400℃范围内多层膜具有较高的热稳定性。