The Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) Study: rationale and methodology for cardiac arrest patients

Modalities of management of arterio-venous malformations are discussed according to natural history and size of lesion, patient clinical status, and potential side effects of available techniques (microsurgery, radiosurgery, ambolization). Clinical cases illustrate this discussion.     

High‐pressure phase equilibria for a styrene/CO2/polystyrene ternary system

To reveal the possibility of supercritical (SC)‐CO₂‐assisted devolatilization of polystyrene, the equilibrium composition data for the CO₂ phase in a styrene/CO₂/polystyrene ternary system is determined by a semistatic experimental technique. The parameters in the lattice–fluid equation of state of Sanchez and Lacombe are determined for the investigated system. The distribution coefficients of styrene between the polymer and the supercritical fluid phases are investigated experimentally at 318 and 328 K over the pressure range of 12–20 MPa. The binary interaction parameter between styrene and CO₂ is obtained by regression of the vapor–liquid equilibrium data. The interaction parameter between CO₂ and polystyrene is calculated by using the sorption data from the literature, and the interaction parameter between styrene and polystyrene is optimized by using the measured data of this study. The investigation of the distribution coefficients indicates that styrene can be removed from polystyrene by SC‐CO₂ at near room temperature and moderately high pressures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1938–1944, 2002     

Reactions of GaX3 (x  br,i) with AS(SiMe3)3; crystal structures of I3Ga · as(SiMe3)3 and [I2GaAS(sime3)2]2

Reactions of GaX₃ (X ? Br, I) with As(SiMe₃)₃ in 1:1 and 2:1 mole ratios were investigated. For the latter reactant stoichiometry, substances having the empirical formulae AsBr₃Ga₂ (1) and Asl₃Ga₂ (2), the analogues of the previously reported single-source GaAs precursor (AsCl₃Ga₂)_n, were isolated as yellow isolated as yellow insoluble powders. Low-temperature reactions in a 1:1 mole ratio resulted in the isolation of the adducts Br₃Ga.As(SiMe₃)₃ (3) and I₃Ga.As(SiMe₃)₃ (4). On the other hand, at room temperature the GaBr₃ reaction resulted in a complex mixture from which no characterizable compounds were isolated, whereas the Gal₃ reaction afforded the crystalline compound [I₂GaAs(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (5). The structures of 4 and 5 were elucidated by complete single-crystal X-ray analysis (crystal data: 4, monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, a = 16.497(2) Å, b = 9.629(1) Å, c = 16.658(2) Å, β = 113.21(1)°, V = 2432(1) ų, Z = 4; 5, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 14.279(2) Å, b = 17.509(2) Å, c = 13.818(2), Å, V = 3455(1) ų, Z = 4).     

The relationship between excluded mineral matter and the abrasion index of a coal

Predictions of the wear rates of components in grinding mills at pulverised coal-fired power stations are currently made using empirical relationships based on the ash content of the coals. However, modern coal characterisation techniques now allow the mineral inclusions in a coal that are responsible for the abrasive nature of the coal to be accurately characterised. Hence, there is scope to make improved predictions of wear based on a detailed knowledge of the mineral matter in a particular coal. It is first necessary, however, to understand the nature of the minerals and properties of the minerals in a coal that would contribute to abrasive wear. In this study known quantities of quartz, pyrite and slate have been added to a washed coal and the Abrasion Indices of the coal/mineral mixtures have been measured. The results show how the size, shape and hardness of excluded mineral matter contribute to the abrasive properties of a coal.     

Therapeutic limit setting in the play therapy relationship.

One of the most perplexing challenges confronting therapists in conducting play therapy is the need to consistently apply limits in the face of angry, hostile, aggressive, or resistant children, and the difficulty in doing so. This article presents a rationale for why limits are needed, describes what behaviors need to be limited, and provides a three-step therapeutic limit-setting model that helps children exercise self-control by saying "no" to themselves. The pressing issue of what to do when a child breaks a limit is dealt with in an ultimate-choice-giving procedure that helps children assume responsibility for their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mechanism of mosaic attenuation of the lungs on computed tomography in induced bronchospasm

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is the major determinant of the computed tomography (CT) pattern of mosaic attenuation in asthmatic patients with induced bronchoconstriction. Thin-section CT was performed at suspended full inspiration immediately and 30 min after methacholine bronchoprovocation in 22 asthmatic subjects, who were randomly assigned to breathe room air (group A, n = 8), oxygen via nasal prongs at 5 l/min (group B, n = 8), and oxygen via face mask at 12 l/min (group C, n = 6). CT changes were quantified in terms of global lung density and density in hypodense and hyperdense areas. Lung parenchymal density increases were greatest in group C and greater in group B than in group A, globally (P = 0.03) and in hypodense regions (P = 0.01). On bivariate analysis, the only change in cross-sectional area was related to change in global density. In hypodense regions, density change was related both to reduction in cross-sectional area (P < 0.0005) and to oxygen administration (P = 0.01). After correction for changes in global lung density, only oxygen was independently related to density increase in hypodense areas (P = 0.02). In induced bronchoconstriction, the CT appearance of mosaic attenuation can be largely ascribed to hypoxic vasoconstriction rather than to changes in lung inflation.     

The malleability of eyewitness confidence: Co-witness and perseverance effects.

A theft was staged 70 times for pairs of eyewitnesses (N?=?140) who then made a photo-lineup identification. Witnesses then received 1 of 9 types of information regarding the alleged identification decision of their co-witness. Witnesses told that their co-witness identified the same person whom they had identified showed an increase in the confidence they expressed to a confederate police officer. Confidence deflation occurred among witnesses who thought their co-witness either identified another person or had stated that the thief was not in the lineup. Initial co-witness information was not mitigated by subsequent changes to that information. A 2nd study showed videotapes of these witnesses' testimonies to observers (n?=?378) whose credibility ratings of the testimony paralleled the witnesses' self-rated confidence. Eyewitness identification confidence was highly malleable after the identification had been made despite the fact that physical resemblance between the culprit and person identified had not changed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma of the genitourinary tract

Two cases of pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma of the genitourinary tract, arising in the vulva in one and the bladder in the other, are presented. In case 1, an 84 year old woman, the vulvectomy specimen contained an irregular ulcerated tumour, infiltrating the left labia and extending into the clitoris. In case 2, a 59 year old woman, the excised bladder showed diffuse thickening of its wall by infiltrating haemorrhagic tumour. Both tumours showed focal keratinisation. This, in association with the presence of atypical squamous epithelium, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, led to a diagnosis of pseudosarcomatous carcinoma in both cases. Pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignant angiomatoid tumours, particularly those that arise at sites, like the genitourinary tract, where angiosarcoma is rare.