USE OF SODA FELDSPAR IN WHITEWARE BODIES *

A comparative study is presented of a soda feldspar produced by a flotation process and of two potash feldspars when tested alone and made up in semivitreous and vitreous bodies. The investigation was divided into two parts, (1) a laboratory study and (2) plant trials on semivitreous dinnerware and on vitreous sanitary porcelain. From the results of the investigation, it was concluded that (1) it should be possible to substitute soda feldspar for North Carolina potash feldspar in semivitreous bodies containing not more than 12% feldspar, on an equal basis, with no significant change in properties except possibly crazing resistance; where crazing occurs, a slight modification of the regular glaze to give it a lower thermal expansion should correct the trouble; the formula of one modified glaze for this purpose is suggested; and (2) the substitution of soda feldspar for potash feldspar in sanitary porcelain and other similar vitreous whiteware bodies will doubtless require a reduction in amount in order to duplicate the vitrification and other properties of the potash-feldspar body in use; a modification of the regular glaze to fit the soda-feldspar body will probably be required; and the castability and control of casting slips should not be affected by the use of soda feldspar in place of potash feldspar.     

Counseling: Theoretical & philosophical issues.

In this article the author discusses three main topics that focus on theoretical and philosophical issues. First he discusses "how philosophical considerations are relevant to our division," then he discusses "major theoretical orientations and question," and finally he discusses "future differences with regard to philosophical/theoretical constructions." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Early classroom behaviors and later misconduct.

A longitudinal study examined the relationship between teacher-rated behaviors (the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale) in kindergarten through Grade 3 and delinquency and school misconduct throughout adolescence. 659 children who were at risk because of their urban minority living conditions were initially assessed in 1968, and 380 were successfully followed up in 1982. An early high-risk pattern was identified in both sexes that indicated that Ss who were overly and disruptively involved socially and who failed to modulate their own behavior to accommodate others were likely to come into conflict with authority quite early in life and into adolescence. Results are discussed in relationship to other research on temperament, parent–child interaction, and possible preventive intervention. (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Newcasters' facial expressions and voting behavior of viewers: Can a smile elect a president?

Two studies examined the association between newscasters' facial expressions and the voting behavior of viewers. In Exp I, with 45 undergraduates, the facial expressions exhibited by network newscasters while referring to the 1984 presidential candidates prior to the election were investigated. Results indicate that 1 of the 3 newscasters exhibited significantly more positive facial expressions when referring to Reagan than when referring to Mondale. In Exp II, a telephone survey of approximately 200 individuals was conducted to determine whether voting behavior was associated with the nightly news program watched. It was found that voters who regularly watched the newscaster who exhibited the biased facial expressions were significantly more likely to vote for the candidate that the newscaster had smiled upon. Three explanations for the results are discussed: (1) Viewing the newscasters' biased facial expressions caused the viewers' voting preferences; (2) the viewers' voting preferences determined their viewing of biased newscasters' facial expressions; or (3) some other variable accounted for the findings. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Negative affectivity and the reporting of stressful life events.

Replicated D. T. Lykken's study (see record 1968-18058-001) to resolve the conflict between the findings of S. R. Maddi et al (see record 1987-22446-001) and those of D. H. Schroeder and P. T. Costa (see record 1984-23643-001) regarding the impact of negative affectivity (NA; i.e., neuroticism) contaminated life event items on observed life event–illness relationships. Among 330 managers and professionals, NA-contaminated items correlated significantly with 3 measures of well-being (depression, life satisfaction, and physical symptoms). In 2 of 3 cases, correlations between contaminated items and well-being measures were significantly different from correlations between uncontaminated items and well-being indicators. Prior life event–well-being findings may be inflated considerably by the use of NA-contaminated events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NASA Software failure characterization experiments

A series of experiments are being conducted by NASA to generate data on which to base the development of credible methods for assessing the reliability of software targeted for flight-critical applications. Two sets of experiments designed to characterize software failure processes have been conducted by different research groups. The results of these experiments were consistent: errors caused by different faults in a program occured at widely varying rates: program failure rates exhibited a log-linear trend with respect to the number of faults corrected; some faults were found to interact in either concealing or revealing ways; and contiguous regions of the input space which cause a program to generate errors, called error crystals, were found and characterized for some faults in some programs. Collectively, these experiments have produced information on software failure which must be accounted for in software reliability modeling approaches. A current experiment is being conducted to investigate the occurrence of similar and new behaviors in real-time control software and asses the effectiveness of software development and testing methods. The application under study is the guidance and control software for a planetary landing vehicle.     

The Present Predicament and a Scientific Solution

The present period, called the scientific revolution, is characterized by the dominant factors of science and its prodigy child, technology. There is a mismatching of impedance as the power and, consequently, decision-making, are held by people ignorant in science and technology. The human quest for the truth follows three stages: mythological, ideological and scientific. Present power holders base their decisions upon ideology rather than science, with the resulting evils of terror of thermonuclear extinction, poverty, crime, unemployment and other miseries afflicting the human family. A modern economotechnic system should incorporate the amplifiers of production, namely, scientific graduate education and R&D. In this, the scientific graduate education is the derivative of R&D and R&D is the derivative of hard goods and services of production. Analysis of this system suggests that in order to achieve a high standard of living one must have a highly trained work force, a strong scientific graduate education and a strong R&D establishment. To achieve the foregoing the present scientifically blind controllers of the economotechnic system should be replaced by highly trained scientists and engineers.     

Studies on some aspects of the biology of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Galleriidae)

The biology of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) was studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory. At a constant temperature of 30°C, oviposition was influenced by relative humidity, an average of 148.9 eggs per female being laid at 70% r.h., compared with 131.8 eggs at 50% r.h. More eggs were retained in the ovaries of dead females at the lower r.h. Maize, rice and groundnuts were preferred to cowpea and cocoa for egg deposition. The incubation period was about 4 days at both humidities. Larval development was fastest at 70% r.h. (34.1 days) and slowest at 50% r.h. (43.3 days). Pupal duration was not affected by relative humidity. Development on different forms of a range of food commodities was studied. The larval period was generally shortest on brokens and meal, particularly of maize. Adult moths appeared weakly negatively phototactic and most locomotory activities were observed to take place at dusk.     

PHASE EQUILIBRIA OF THE CYCLOHEXANE-TOLUENE-SULFOLANE AND HEXANE-TOLUENE-SULFOLANE TERNARY SYSTEMS

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for two ternary systems were obtained. The experimental data were measured for cyclohexane-toluene-sulfolane at 17, 25 and 50°C, and for hexane-toluene-sulfolane at 18 and 25°C. The NTRL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the experimental results and to calculate the phase compositions of the ternary systems. The agreement between the experimental results and the fitted values was equally good with both of the models.     

Solid holed torus knot oscillators

In this paper we develop oscillators whose outputs are solid holed torus knots in real three-dimensional space. Here solid holed knots are closed trajectories on the solid holed torus where the solid holed torus is formed by three perpendicular circles revolved around one another. An electronic circuit is presented that can generate any desired solid holed torus knot.Research supported by NSF Grant MIP 87-19886.