Characteristics of carcass composition,fat metabolism and meat quality of genetically different pigs

The aim of the study was to quantify the differences in meat and fat quality and lipid metabolism of pigs with either high or medium capacity for lipid accretion. A total of 58 castrated males of the breeds German Saddle Back (SB) and German Landrace (DL) were included in the experiment. Animals were housed individually and fed twice daily semi ad libitum. Saddle Back pigs indicated a lower lean meat content (41.4% vs 52.6%) and a higher fat percentage (40.9% vs 28.2%) in comparison to DL as a result of high lipid accumulation. The larger fat content of SB was related to an increased intramuscular fat concentration of longissimus muscle. A significant correlation between intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition was estimated in both breeds. The relative concentration of saturated fatty acids was significantly increased in SB pigs. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.3%) in SB muscle fat was significantly lower than in DL muscle fat (10.7%). The de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids resulted in mostly saturated fatty acids and oleic acid. The higher activities of lipogenetic enzymes in backfat of SB proved a higher lipogenetic capacity. There were no significant differences in meat quality traits of longissimus muscle between the two breeds.     

Application and modelling of hybrid stereolithography injection mould tooling

The use of stereolithography (SL) to make injection moulding tools has been shown previously to be an efficient way of producing rapid tools for simple geometries, aiming at small lot sizes with an acceptable degree of accuracy. This paper highlights the unexplored potential of using SL inserts in hybrid tools using practical experiments and FEA mould filling models. The practical experiments reveal problems incurred by uneven flow as a result of differential thermal conductivity between dissimilar mould materials in a hybrid tool. The FEA flow models confirm that this uneven flow would be anticipated when using finite element analysis (FEA) software. A further FEA stress analysis predicts that catastrophic mould failure will be expected under some conditions and these reflect the results found in the practical experiments. The use of a homogeneous SL tool eliminates the issues caused by uneven mould filling but results in thermal distortion of the female mould. Ultimately, a SL tool backfilled with low melt point alloy provides a solution that eliminates the problems of uneven filling and thermal distortion.     

Modelling of selective catalytic denox reactors – strategy for replacing deactivated catalyst elements

A simulation model for denox reactors (high dust) containing honeycomb catalysts and operating at temperatures between 300 and 400 °C has been developed. The model predicts the NO_x reduction as a function of process variables (temperature, gas velocity, NO_x concentration, NH₃/NO_x ratio) as well as a function of reactor and catalyst geometry (pitch diameter, length of catalyst layer, number of layers). Model parameters such as the rate constant and the adsorption equilibrium constant of NH₃ on the catalyst surface were determined by curve fitting of experimental data obtained in a pilot test unit. Based on model calculations, it is shown that the effect of catalyst poisoning (deactivation) on NO_x reduction is not the same for every catalyst layer. The lifetimes of catalyst elements located at the inlet to the reactor appear shorter than those of the elements positioned at the outlet from the reactor. Experimental verification of this theoretical finding is required.     

Einsatz von Entspannungsturbinen in CO2-Laseranlagen

Zusammenfassung Im Resonator von Laseranlagen werden ca. 20% der zugeführten Energie für den Laserstrahl genutzt. 80% der zugeführten Gesamtenergie werden mit dem Lasergas ungenutzt aus dem Resonator in den nachfolgenden W?rmeübertrager abgeführt. Um den Anlagenwirkungsgrad von Laseranlagen zu erh?hen, soll die ungenutzte Austrittsenergie aus dem Resonator in einer nachgeschalteten Entspannungsturbine in mechanische Energie umgesetzt werden, die zum Antrieb des Lasergasverdichters genutzt wird. Dadurch kann der Verdichter mit der vorhandenen Proze?energie angetrieben werden und der Anlagenwirkungsgrad vonη _A bis 0,20 aufη _A bis 0,34 erh?ht werden. Durch thermodynamische Proze?untersuchungen werden die erreichbaren Wirkungsgradsteigerungen von Laseranlagen ausgewiesen und die optimalen Parameterbereiche für die Druck-und Temperaturverh?ltnisse ermittelt. Das Leistungsverh?ltnis der gewonnenen Turbinenleistung zur notwendigen Verdichterleistung wird angegeben.     

A Scalable System Architecture for High-Throughput Turbo-Decoders

The need for higher data rates is ever rising as wireless communications standards move from the third to the fourth generation. Turbo-Codes are the prevalent channel codes for wireless systems due to their excellent forward error correction capability. So far research has mainly focused on components of high throughput Turbo-Decoders. In this paper we explore the Turbo-Decoder design space anew, both under system design and deep-submicron implementation aspects. Our approach incorporates all levels of design, from I/O behavior down to floorplaning taking deep-submicron effects into account. Its scalability allows to derive optimized architectures tailored to the given throughput and target technology. We present results for 3GPP compliant Turbo-Decoders beyond 100 Mbit/s synthesized on a 0.18 μm standard cell library.     

Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of AF6 PDZ‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions

PDZ (PSD‐95, Dlg, ZO‐1) domains are ubiquitous interaction modules that are involved in many cellular signal transduction pathways. Interference with PDZ‐mediated protein–protein interactions has important implications in disease‐related signaling processes. For this reason, PDZ domains have gained attention as potential targets for inhibitor design and, in the long run, drug development. Herein we report the development of small molecules to probe the function of the PDZ domain from human AF6 (ALL1‐fused gene from chromosome 6), which is an essential component of cell–cell junctions. These compounds bind to AF6 PDZ with substantially higher affinity than the peptide (Ile‐Gln‐Ser‐Val‐Glu‐Val) derived from its natural ligand, EphB2. In intact cells, the compounds inhibit the AF6–Bcr interaction and interfere with epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐dependent signaling.     

Anticancer Potential of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)chloridoiridium(III) Complexes Bearing κP and κP,κS‐Coordinated Ph2PCH2CH2CH2S(O)xPh (x=0–2) Ligands

Iridium(III) complexes of the type [Ir(η⁵‐C₅Me₅)Cl₂{Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh‐κP}] (x=0–2; 1 – 3 ) and [Ir(η⁵‐C₅Me₅)Cl{Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh‐κP,κS}][PF₆] (x=0–1; 4 and 5 ) with 3‐(diphenylphosphino)propyl phenyl sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone ligands Ph₂PCH₂CH₂CH₂S(O)_xPh were designed, synthesized, and characterized fully, including X‐ray diffraction analyses for complexes 3 and 4 . In vitro studies against human thyroid carcinoma (8505C), submandibular carcinoma (A253), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and melanoma (518A2) cell lines provided evidence for the high biological potential of the neutral and cationic iridium(III) complexes. Neutral iridium(III) complex 5 proved to be the most active, with IC₅₀ values up to about 0.1 μM , representing activities of up to one order of magnitude higher than cisplatin. Using 8505C cells, apoptosis was shown to be the main mechanism through which complex 5 exerts its tumoricidal action. The described iridium(III) complexes represent potential leads in the search for novel metal‐based anticancer agents.