Some Notes on the Formal Properties of Bidirectional Optimality Theory

In this paper, we discuss some formal properties of the model ofbidirectional Optimality Theory that was developed inBlutner (2000). We investigate the conditions under whichbidirectional optimization is a well-defined notion, and we give aconceptually simpler reformulation of Blutner's definition. In thesecond part of the paper, we show that bidirectional optimization can bemodeled by means of finite state techniques. There we rely heavily onthe related work of Frank and Satta (1998) about unidirectionaloptimization.     

Graffiti: graph-based classification in heterogeneous networks

We address the problem of multi-label classification in heterogeneous graphs, where nodes belong to different types and different types have different sets of classification labels. We present a novel approach that aims to classify nodes based on their neighborhoods. We model the mutual influence of nodes as a random walk in which the random surfer aims at distributing class labels to nodes while walking through the graph. When viewing class labels as “colors”, the random surfer is essentially spraying different node types with different color palettes; hence the name Graffiti of our method. In contrast to previous work on topic-based random surfer models, our approach captures and exploits the mutual influence of nodes of the same type based on their connections to nodes of other types. We show important properties of our algorithm such as convergence and scalability. We also confirm the practical viability of Graffiti by an experimental study on subsets of the popular social networks Flickr and LibraryThing. We demonstrate the superiority of our approach by comparing it to three other state-of-the-art techniques for graph-based classification.     

Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen an porösen Feststoffen durch Physisorptionsmessungen

Studies of the microstructure of porous solids by physisorption measurements . The principal experimental methods for studying the microstructure of porous solids are based on physisorption measurements. The resulting sorption isotherms can yield data such as surface area and pore radius distribution, which are of great importance for development and characterization of porous catalysts. After a brief presentation of available measuring equipment, the main concern of this survey is the evaluation of sorption isotherms. In particular, methods for determining the micropore contribution to the total pore volume and the pore radius distribution in the micropore range are examined critically with regard to their reliability.     

Reaction of cholesterol 5,6-epoxides with simulated gastric juice

Cholesterol 5α,6α-epoxide (α-epoxide) and cholesterol 5β,6β-epoxide (β-epoxide) were individually suspended in simulated gastric juice (pH 1.2) at 37 C, and their reaction was followed by gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with flame ionization (FID) detection. Both epoxides reacted rapidly in the aqueous acid medium. The α-epoxide formed 6β-chlorocholestane-3β,5α-diol (α-chlorohydrin) and 5α-cholestane-3β,5,6β-triol (triol), while the β-epoxide formed 5α-chlorocholestane-3β,6β-diol (β-chlorohydrin) and triol. The isomeric chlorohydrins reacted further to form the triol. In mildly alkaline aqueous medium, each chlorohydrin reverted to the epoxide from which it was formed. The data suggest that both epoxides, which have been reported to have adverse health effects in animals, would be largely hydrolyzed in the stomach and to the triol, which also has been reported to have biological activity. The data furher suggest that residual chlorohydrins surviving stomach residence can be expected to revert to epoxide in the more alkaline intestinal environment.     

Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel components (fatty acid alkyl esters) and related compounds at low temperatures

Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats is, has undergone rapid development and acceptance as an alternative diesel fuel. Kinematic viscosity is one of the fuel properties specified in biodiesel standards, with 40 °C being the temperature at which this property is to be determined and ranges of acceptable kinematic viscosity given. While data on kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and related materials at higher temperatures are available in the literature, this work reports on the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and a variety of fatty acid alkyl esters at temperatures from 40 °C down to −10 °C in increments of 5 °C using the appropriately modified standard reference method ASTM D445. Investigating the low-temperature properties of biodiesel, including viscosity, of biodiesel and its components is important because of the problems associated with the use of biodiesel under these conditions. Such data may aid in developing biodiesel fuels optimized for fatty ester composition. An index termed here the low-temperature viscosity ratio (LTVR) using data at 0 °C and 40 °C (divide viscosity value at 0 °C by viscosity value at 40 °C) was used to evaluate individual compounds but also mixtures by their low-temperature viscosity behavior. Compounds tested included a variety of saturated, monounsaturated, diunsaturated and triunsaturated fatty esters, methyl ricinoleate, in which the OH group leads to a significant increase in viscosity as well as triolein, as well as some fatty alcohols and alkanes. Esters of oleic acid have the highest viscosity of all biodiesel components that are liquids at low temperatures. The behavior of blends of biodiesel and some fatty esters with a low-sulfur diesel fuel was also investigated.     

CREEP DEFORMATION OF INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS

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