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31.
Universal Access in the Information Society - Helping blind people to build cognitive maps of an environment is one of the aims of several assistive systems. In order to evaluate such assistive... 相似文献
32.
German Shegalov Michael Gillmann Gerhard Weikum 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2001,10(1):91-103
Advanced e-services require efficient, flexible, and easy-to-use workflow technology that integrates well with mainstream
Internet technologies such as XML and Web servers. This paper discusses an XML-enabled architecture for distributed workflow
management that is implemented in the latest version of our Mentor-lite prototype system. The key asset of this architecture
is an XML mediator that handles the exchange of business and flow control data between workflow and business-object servers
on the one hand and client activities on the other via XML messages over http. Our implementation of the mediator has made
use of Oracle's XSQL servlet. The major benefit of the advocated architecture is that it provides seamless integration of
client applications into e-service workflows with scalable efficiency and very little explicit coding, in contrast to an earlier,
Java-based, version of our Mentor-lite prototype that required much more code and exhibited potential performance problems.
Received: 30 October 2000 / Accepted: 19 December 2000 Published online: 27 April 2001 相似文献
33.
City councils hold meetings several times a week. There is a need for computer support at certain meetings. This paper examines the potential for group support systems for use in city council meetings and shows in what ways they can be helpful in pre-meeting and post-meeting activities. The study is based on 17 computer-supported city council meetings, carried out in Stuttgart, Kornwestheim and other cities as part of the Cuparla Project between 1996 and 1998. Three of these meetings are described in the paper as brief case studies. Following this, all 17 meeting sequences are evaluated and analysed. Guidelines have been developed from the results of the study for the introduction of group support systems in city council meetings. 相似文献
34.
35.
In June 2003, a large scale injection experiment started at the Continental Deep Drilling site (KTB) in Germany. A tiltmeter array was installed which consisted of five high resolution borehole tiltmeters of the ASKANIA type, also equipped with three dimensional seismometers. For the next 11 months, 86 000 m(3) were injected into the KTB pilot borehole 4000 m deep. The average injection rate was approximately 200 l/min. The research objective was to observe and to analyze deformation caused by the injection into the upper crust at the kilometer range. A new data acquisition system was developed by Geo-Research Center Potsdam (GFZ) to master the expected huge amount of seismic and tilt data. Furthermore, it was necessary to develop a new preprocessing software called PREANALYSE for long-period time series. This software includes different useful functions, such as step and spike correction, interpolation, filtering, and spectral analysis. This worldwide unique installation offers the excellent opportunity of the separation of signals due to injection and due to environment by correlation of the data of the five stations with the ground water table and meteorological data. 相似文献
36.
Physical workload of flight attendants when pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ulrich Glitsch Hans Jürgen Ottersbach Rolf Ellegast Karlheinz Schaub Gerhard Franz Matthias Jger 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2007,37(11-12):845
The musculoskeletal loads from moving trolleys aboard aircraft were assessed by observation of trolley handling on planes and by physical workload analyses of pushing and pulling of trolleys in a laboratory set up. Trolley handling by a total of 15 female flight attendants was observed on 10 short- and medium-distance flights in different types of aircraft. About 25 selected flight attendants (22 females; 3 males) of five German airlines took part in the laboratory study, which comprised three-dimensional (3D) measurements of posture and hand forces during pushing and pulling of trolleys in a variety of configurations. From the on-flight observations performed, between 150 and 250 trolley movements can be projected for a work shift. The greatest physical workload is to be expected at the beginning of service: The trolleys are fully laden then, and the cabin floor can still be inclined up to 8°, as the aircraft is still climbing, particularly on short-distance flights. The laboratory investigation revealed that the musculoskeletal workload from pushing and pulling depends essentially on the trolley load and on the gradient of the cabin floor. In addition, the degree of stressing depends significantly on the trolley type, mode of handling and personal dexterity. The up/down force component perpendicular to the direction of motion often achieved considerable amplitudes-in some cases equal to or exceeding the force in the direction of movement. The posture analysis demonstrated that pulling forced the flight attendants to adopt ergonomically unfavourable postures such as pronounced flexion of the back, particularly among female subjects. The highest values for flexion of the back occurred while pulling the half-size trolley. The results demonstrate that female flight attendants are likely to overload themselves if they frequently have to move heavily laden trolleys unaided on an inclined cabin floor.
Relevance to industry
On short distance flights, flight attendants have been complaining increasingly of high physical workload from manoeuvring trolleys. On the basis of the presented data airline companies may improve the trolley handling skills of their flight attendances by practical trainings and may ergonomically optimize the general service procedures aboard aircrafts. 相似文献37.
Data partitioning and load balancing in parallel disk systems 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Peter Scheuermann Gerhard Weikum Peter Zabback 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》1998,7(1):48-66
Parallel disk systems provide opportunities for exploiting I/O parallelism in two possible ways, namely via inter-request
and intra-request parallelism. In this paper, we discuss the main issues in performance tuning of such systems, namely striping
and load balancing, and show their relationship to response time and throughput. We outline the main components of an intelligent,
self-reliant file system that aims to optimize striping by taking into account the requirements of the applications, and performs
load balancing by judicious file allocation and dynamic redistributions of the data when access patterns change. Our system
uses simple but effective heuristics that incur only little overhead. We present performance experiments based on synthetic
workloads and real-life traces.
Received May 17, 1994 / Accepted June 9, 1997 相似文献
38.
The hardness and yield stress at room temperature and the brittle‐to‐ductile transition temperature of Fe‐Al alloys with 16 at.% Al, which is in the range of the so‐called K‐state with possible short‐range ordering reactions, and ternary additions of 0.5 and 4 at.% of the transition metals Cr, Mo, Mn, V, Ti and Ni were studied with respect to possible hardening effects of the ternary additions. The addition of Cr, Mo and Mn to the Fe‐Al alloys produce solid‐solution hardening which corresponds to the hardening effect of Al. Only Ti, V and Ni produce extra hardening effects which cannot be related to solid‐solution hardening. This extra hardening is attributed to possible fine NiAl precipitates in the Fe‐Al‐Ni case and to possible enhanced short‐range ordering and/or fine carbide precipitates in the cases of Fe‐Al‐V and Fe‐Al‐Ti. 相似文献
39.
Matthias Budil Gerhard Hobler 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2011,269(14):1614-1618
For the efficient simulation of topography evolution due to, e.g., focused ion beam processes, continuum surface advancement algorithms are commonly used. In this work we present a two-dimensional surface advancement algorithm that uses circular arcs between nodes and allows kinks in the surface. The algorithm is based on the method of characteristics, which yields the motion of the points and the slope of the surface. By the interpolation with circular arcs not only the final result is better represented, but also more accurate simulation is possible after insertion of new points as the surface evolves. Kinks in the surface (shocks) are detected by the generation of loops in the surface string or by a new criterion based on the analysis of infinitesimally separated characteristics. It requires the curvature of the surface, which may readily be determined from the radii of the circular arcs. The proposed algorithm uses a second order approximation in space and therefore requires fewer data points during calculation than first order methods. It is shown to converge with third order as a function of node number. The method is demonstrated by examples of trench formation including the effect of redeposition and of facet formation from a step-like surface. 相似文献
40.
Gerhard Randers-Pehrson Gary W. Johnson Stephen A. Marino Yanping Xu Alexander D. Dymnikov David J. Brenner 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2009,609(2-3):294-299
A lens system consisting of two electrostatic quadrupole triplets has been designed and constructed at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) of Columbia University. The lens system has been used to focus 6 MeV 4He ions to a beam spot in air with a diameter of 0.8 μm. The quadrupole electrodes can withstand voltages high enough to focus 4He ions up to 10 MeV and protons up to 5 MeV. The quadrupole triplet design is novel in that alignment is made through precise construction and the relative strengths of the quadrupoles are accomplished by the lengths of the elements, so that the magnitudes of the voltages required for focusing are nearly identical. The insulating sections between electrodes have had ion implantation to improve the voltage stability of the lens. The lens design employs Russian symmetry for the quadrupole elements. 相似文献