Untersuchungen an Kartoffelpülpe als Ballaststoffquelle. Die Zusammensetzung der Kartoffelpülpe nach Einwirkung von Pektinasen und Cellulasen sowie enzymatischem Stärkeabbau

Investigations on Potato Pulp as a Dietary Fiber Source. Composition of Potato Pulp After Influence of Pectinases and Cellulases and Enzymatic Degradation of Starch. The composition of alcohol insoluble substances (AIS) of potato pulp have been investigated after succesive degradation with different pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes followed by starch degrading enzymes. The pretreatment with pectinase/cellulase combinations has a significant influence on the amount and the properties of the residues after starch degradation. Furthermore the most important changes in the composition were found in the receiving residues after action of amylolytic enzymes. A correlation exists between the content of residual starch in the residues and the action of the cell wall degrading enzymes. The amount of residual starch correlates negatively with the intensity of cell wall degradation. The enzymatic susceptibility of starch depends on the damage of cell wall of potato pulp, especially on the degree of degradation of the cellulose. The water binding capacity decreases intensively after action of pectinase/cellulase combinations. The treatment with amylolytic enzymes causes only a negligible variation of the water binding capacity.     

Visual simulation by means of a transputer network for a driving simulator

Visual simulation is one of the most important parts of a driving simulator. Unfortunately it is in general the most expensive part too. CGI-manufacturers tend to develop more complex systems because of the demands of the military market. The common systems are strongly hardware-oriented. On the basis of a new type of microprocessor, the transputer, a more software-oriented approach is introduced. Transputers in connection with the new high-level language occam are well suited for pipelining and parallelization owing to their communication concept. The advantages of this approach are reduced costs and development time, and also the capability for fast and cheap changes in algorithms. The achievable performance meets the requirements for a driving simulator very well.     

Preparation and characterization of 1,5-Diacyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazines with Higher Acyl Groups

The title compounds were prepared from 2,4-dioxohexahydro-triazine (DHT) and the corresponding acid chlorides in the presence of sulphuric acid. They are active acylating agents against piperidine in dioxane as the solvent. Only the diacyl derivatives of DHT with acyl chain lengths up to C₆ react with aqueous solutions of sodium perborate forming the corresponding peroxy acids.     

Pyryliumverbindungen. 45 [1]. 4-Aroyl-fluorene aus 2,4,6-Triaryl-pyryliumsalzen und Indan-1-on via 2-(5-Oxo-pent-2-en-1-yliden)-indan-1-one

Pyrylium Compounds. 45. 4-Aroyl-fluorenes from 2,4,6-Triaryl-pyrylium Salts and Indan-1-one via 2-(5-Oxo-pent-2-en-1-yliden)-indan-1-ones 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium salts 1 react with indan-1-one in the presence of an appropriate buffer system (e.g. piperidine acetate, triethylamine/acetic acid, triethylamine or sodium acetate) to yield the 2-(1,3,5-triaryl-5-oxo-pent-2-en-1-yliden)-indan-1-ones 2 . For the reaction medium aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol), dipolar aprotic solvents (acetonitrile) or chlorinated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride) can be used. On treating 2 with sodium methanolate in methanol, a cyclization reaction occurs giving rise to the 4-aroyl-1,3-diaryl-fluorenes 3 . As by-products 1,3-diaryl-fluorenes 8 (e.g. 1,3-diphenyl-fluorene) are formed. - I.r., n.m.r. and u.v. spectroscopic data of the novel compounds 2 and 3 are reported.     

汽车钢板回收冶炼过程中涂覆油漆的裂变行为

采用单光子离子化/共振增强的多光子离子化-飞行时间质谱法(SPI/REMPI-TOFMS)研究了在汽车钢板的回收冶炼过程中,涂覆油漆的裂变行为.在模拟实验装置中,在线跟踪监测了裂解炉气中的有机裂变产物的演变过程.发现与其它有机材料不同,汽车钢板的涂覆油漆不仅在合成空气中,而且在氮气中也产生酚类有机污染物.从300 ℃到1 190 ℃都有多环芳烃(PAHs)产生,但在700～800 ℃时,产生的数量最多,在1 000～1 190 ℃,趋于完全燃烧.     

Substituierte N,N′-Bis(thiazol-2-yl)-diaminoalkane aus α-Thiocyanato-acetophenonen und N,N′-Dialkyl-diamino-alkanen

Substituted N,N′-Bis(thiazol-2-yl)-diaminoalkanes from α-Thiocyanato-acetophenones and N,N′-Dialkyl-diaminoalkanes α-Thiocyanato-acetophenones 1 react with N,N′-dialkyl-diaminoalkanes 2 in the presence of an appropriate weak acid (acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid) to give the hitherto unknown N,N′-dialkyl-N,N′-bis(4-aryl-thiazol-2-yl)-diaminoalkanes 3 . As reaction medium aliphatic alcohols (ethanol, methanol), halogenated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride) or dipolar-aprotic solvents (acetonitrile, dimethylformamide) can be used. - I.r., u.v., n.m.r. and mass spectroscopic data of the novel bisthiazoles 3 are reported.     

Rapid Discovery of Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors Using an Anchoring Approach

Pharmacophore searches that include anchors, fragments contributing above average to receptor binding, combined with one-step syntheses are a powerful approach for the fast discovery of novel bioactive molecules. Here, we are presenting a pipeline for the rapid and efficient discovery of aspartyl protease inhibitors. First, we hypothesized that hydrazine could be a multi-valent warhead to interact with the active site Asp carboxylic acids. We incorporated the hydrazine anchor in a multicomponent reaction and created a large virtual library of hydrazine derivatives synthetically accessible in one-step. Next, we performed anchor-based pharmacophore screening of the libraries and resynthesized top-ranked compounds. The inhibitory potency of the molecules was finally assessed by an enzyme activity assay and the binding mode confirmed by several soaked crystal structures supporting the validity of the hypothesis and approach. The herein reported pipeline of tools will be of general value for the rapid generation of receptor binders beyond Asp proteases.     

Flavine und Zimtsäurederivat im Zusammenhang mit der lichtinduzierten Blattöffnung bei Albizia julibrissin

Flavins and Chinamoyl Derivatives in Relation to the Light-induced Leaf Opening in Albizia julibrissin In search of blue-light photoreceptors for light-induced leaf opening we isolated from the aqueous extract of Albizia julibrissin Durazz. two flavins by adsorption on XAD-4 and separation with HPLC. One sample was identified as riboflavin 1a. In the hydrolysate of the second flavin fraction we found another dimethylisoalloxazine with a C₅-side chain. Furthermore we isolated the cinnamoyl derivatives 3-O-(4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl) quinic acid 2 and 3-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-4-O-malonyl-quinic acid 3 which formed charge transfer complexes with the flavins in the XAD-fraction. As a model complex we examined the absorption behaviour of the complex between riboflavin and chlorogenic acid. Using the association constant, we calculated the absorption spectrum and could show that a complex between a flavin and a phenolic compound is a possible blue-light photoreceptor for the light-induced leaf opening in Albizia julibrissin.