Objective: To investigate the congruence and influence of lesion side on staff and patient ratings of activity limitations. Study Design: Retrospective study of activity limitations at admission and discharge using the Rasch model and rating scale analysis. Participants: One-hundred twenty elderly stroke patients. Setting: Outpatient geriatric rehabilitation center. Main Outcome Measure: Barthel Index (BI). Results: High patient-staff agreement was found with the lowest agreement on the bathing item of the BI. Although staff rated the degree of activity limitations significantly higher than patients, the effect size was low at admission and discharge. The discrepancy between patient and staff reports did not change during rehabilitation and was equivalent between patients with right and patients with left hemisphere lesions. Conclusion: Patients with a stroke slightly overestimated their competency compared with rehabilitation staff and remained consistent during rehabilitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Currently, Profile Hidden Markov Models (Profile HMMs) are the methodology of choice for probabilistic protein family modeling. Unfortunately, despite substantial progress the general problem of remote homology analysis is still far from being solved. In this article we propose new approaches for robust protein family modeling by consequently exploiting general pattern recognition techniques. A new feature based representation of amino acid sequences serves as the basis for semi-continuous protein family HMMs. Due to this paradigm shift in processing biological sequences the complexity of family models can be reduced substantially resulting in less parameters which need to be trained. This is especially favorable when only little training data is available as in most current tasks of molecular biology research. In various experiments we prove the superior performance of advanced stochastic protein family modeling for remote homology analysis which is especially relevant for e.g. drug discovery applications. 相似文献
Up to now zinc-nickel solutions with 10–16% of Ni in the deposit were only known from acid electrolytes. Those systems have the disadvantage of poor metal-distribution. On the contrary, systems from alkaline electrolytes give a good metal-distribution, however, these Zn-Ni solutions only produce 6–8% Ni in the deposit.A new alkaline system is described that permits deposition of 13–15% Ni from a Zn-Ni-solution. The parameters and characteristics of this process are described, as well as the characteristics of the deposit with a view to its corrosion resistance before and after chromating. 相似文献
A promising approach for the application of NFC in healthcare is the combination of the simple handling of NFC with different sensor functionalities. By an advanced design of the NFC-antenna and the surrounding hard- and software, the intelligent NFC-tag can operate as a smart sensor with NFC-interface for the transfer of measurement data. According to this principle, various sensor applications for health care scenarios can be realized. In this article several developments of NFC-sensor applications are introduced like NFC-based fill level measurement, NFC-based analog scale (position detection), NFC-based blood-glucose meter, NFC-based cryo-sensor for vials and NFC-based ultraviolet (UV) assessment for sun burn prevention. The main advantages of these applications are that all NFC-sensors can simply be used by medical, nursing staff or patients and consumers. 相似文献
The C‐terminal activation of peptides as prerequisite for the formation or ligation of peptide fragments is often associated with the problem of epimerization. We report that ruthenium‐catalyzed alkyne addition with (+)‐2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane as ligand allows the racemization‐free synthesis of peptide enol esters tolerating a wide range of functional groups. The transformation can be performed in a variety of different solvents addressing the solubility issues imposed by peptides with varying amino acid side chain patterns. We show that peptide enol esters with an amide motif in the enol moiety are excellent acyl donors for the peptide condensation with other peptide fragments in organic solvents using serine endopeptidase subtilisin A as catalyst. The reported combination of transition metal catalysis with enzymatic peptide ligations adds an important tool for the racemization‐free synthesis and ligation of peptides which is compatible even with unprotected amino acid side chains. 相似文献
Abstract Strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti electrodes by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Interactions at the interface of Pt and SBT and their effect on leakage current were investigated. High-resolution transmission electron micrographs (HRTEM) reveal that after annealing at 700°C, a 1–2 nm thick interfacial layer built. Auger electron spectra (AES) confirm that the constituents of SBT intermix with the Pt and vice versa. Schottky emission yields a nice linear fit to the leakage current data but the extracted values of the optical dielectric constant and the Richardson constant do not meet experimental values. Taking into account an interfacial layer with low dielectric constant and the effect of diffusion on the Schottky emission these inconsistencies can be resolved. 相似文献
Many solar cell structures contain regions where the emitter p–n junction borders on the surface. If the surface is not well passivated, a large amount of recombination occurs in such regions. This type of recombination is influenced by the electrostatics of both the p–n junction and the surface, and hence it is different from the commonly described recombination phenomena occurring in the p–n junction within the bulk. We developed a two-dimensional model for the recombination mechanisms occurring in emitter p–n junctions bordering on surfaces. The model is validated by reproducing the experimental I–V curves of specially designed silicon solar cells. It is shown under which circumstances a poor surface passivation, near where the p–n junction borders on the surface, reduces the fill factor and the open-circuit voltage. The model can be applied to many other types of solar cells. 相似文献
This paper discusses developments in the markets for CO2 emissions rights since the Kyoto Protocol was signed. The different emissions trading schemes, dominated by the Emission Trading System of the European Union and the Clean Development Mechanism, are surveyed. These schemes will need to be incorporated into any post-Kyoto multilateral agreement. Drawing on a simple model, the paper analyzes the incentives that developing and developed countries face for continuing or transforming the Clean Development Mechanism in the light of future agreements for a worldwide emissions control program. 相似文献
In this paper, we propose a standardized interface called TiA (TOBI interface A) to transmit raw biosignals, supporting multirate and block-oriented transmission of different kinds of signals from various acquisition devices (e.g., EEG, electrooculogram, near-infrared spectroscopy signals, etc.) at the same time. To facilitate a distinction between those kinds of signals, so-called signal types are introduced. TiA is a single-server, multiple-client system, whereby clients can connect to the server at runtime. Information transfer between client and server is divided into control and data connections. The control connections use transmission control protocol (TCP) and transmit extensible-markup-language (XML)-encoded meta information. The data transmission utilizes a user datagram protocol (UDP) or TCP with a binary data stream. A standardized handshaking procedure for the connection setup and a standardized binary data packet has been defined. Thus, a standardized layer, abstracting used hardware devices and facilitating distributed raw data transmission in a standardized way, has been evolved. A cross-platform library, implemented in C ++, is available for download. 相似文献
Ohmic pulse-heating with sub-microsecond time resolution is used to obtain thermophysical properties for aluminum in the liquid phase. Measurement of current through the sample, voltage drop across the sample, surface radiation, and volume expansion allow the calculation of specific heat capacity and the temperature dependencies of electrical resistivity, enthalpy, and density of the sample at melting and in the liquid phase. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity as a function of temperature are estimated from resistivity data using the Wiedemann–Franz law. Data for liquid aluminum obtained by pulse-heating are quite rare because of the low melting temperature of aluminum with 933.47 K (660.32 °C), as the fast operating pyrometers used for the pulse-heating technique with rise times of about 100 ns generally might not be able to resolve the melting plateau of aluminum because they are not sensitive enough for such low temperature ranges. To overcome this obstacle, we constructed a new, fast pyrometer sensitive in this temperature region. Electromagnetic levitation, as the second experimental approach used, delivers data for surface tension (this quantity is not available by means of the pulse-heating technique) and for density of aluminum as a function of temperature. Data obtained will be extensively compared to existing literature data.