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排序方式: 共有2529条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Jun Zhang Xianghong Liu Giovanni Neri Nicola Pinna 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2016,28(5):795-831
Sensor technology has an important effect on many aspects in our society, and has gained much progress, propelled by the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Current research efforts are directed toward developing high‐performance gas sensors with low operating temperature at low fabrication costs. A gas sensor working at room temperature is very appealing as it provides very low power consumption and does not require a heater for high‐temperature operation, and hence simplifies the fabrication of sensor devices and reduces the operating cost. Nanostructured materials are at the core of the development of any room‐temperature sensing platform. The most important advances with regard to fundamental research, sensing mechanisms, and application of nanostructured materials for room‐temperature conductometric sensor devices are reviewed here. Particular emphasis is given to the relation between the nanostructure and sensor properties in an attempt to address structure–property correlations. Finally, some future research perspectives and new challenges that the field of room‐temperature sensors will have to address are also discussed. 相似文献
32.
Susanna Monti Giovanni Barcaro Luca Sementa Vincenzo Carravetta Hans Ågren 《Nano Research》2018,11(4):1757-1767
The self-assembling properties, stability, and dynamics of hybrid nanocarriers (gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with cysteine-based peptides) in solution are studied through a series of classical molecular dynamics simulations based on a recently parametrized reactive force field. The results reveal, at the atomic level, all the details regarding the peptide adsorption mechanisms, nanoparticle stabilization, aggregation, and sintering. The data confirm and explain the experimental findings and disclose aspects that cannot be scrutinized by experiments. The biomolecules are both chemisorbed and physisorbed; self-interactions of the adsorbates and formation of stable networks of interconnected molecules on the AuNP surfaces limit substrate reconstructions, protect the AuNPs from the action of the solvent, and prevent direct interactions of the gold surfaces. The possibility of agglomeration of the functionalized nanoparticles, compared with the sintering of the bare supports in a water solution, is demonstrated through relatively long simulations and fast steered dynamics. The analysis of the trajectories reveals that the AuNPs were well stabilized by the peptides. This prevented particle sintering and kept the particles far apart; however, part of their chains could form interconnections (crosslinks) between neighboring gold vehicles. The excellent agreement of these results with the literature confirm the reliability of the method and its potential application to the modeling of more complex materials relevant to the biomedical sector. 相似文献
33.
SNPs are positions of the DNA sequences where the differences among individuals are embedded. The knowledge of such SNPs is crucial for disease association studies, but even if the number of such positions is low (about 1% of the entire sequence), the cost to extract the complete information is actually very high. Recent studies have shown that DNA sequences are structured into blocks of positions, that are conserved during evolution, where there is strong correlation among values (alleles) of different loci. To reduce the cost of extracting SNPs information, the block structure of the DNA has suggested to limit the process to a subset of SNPs, the so-called Tag SNPs, that are able to maintain the most of the information contained in the whole sequence. In this paper, we apply a technique for feature selection based on integer programming to the problem of Tag SNP selection. Moreover, to test the quality of our approach, we consider also the problem of SNPs reconstruction, i.e. the problem of deriving unknown SNPs from the value of Tag SNPs and propose two reconstruction methods, one based on a majority vote and the other on a machine learning approach. We test our algorithm on two public data sets of different nature, providing results that are, when comparable, in line with the related literature. One of the interesting aspects of the proposed method is to be found in its capability to deal simultaneously with very large SNPs sets, and, in addition, to provide highly informative reconstruction rules in the form of logic formulas. 相似文献
34.
A new method, based on the maximum likelihood principle, through the numerical Expectation–Maximization algorithm, is proposed to estimate traffic matrices when traffic exhibits long-range dependence. The methods proposed so far in the literature do not account for long-range dependence. The method proposed in the present paper also provides an estimate of the Hurst parameter. Simulation results show that: (i) the estimate of the traffic matrix is more efficient than those obtained via existing techniques; (ii) the estimation error of the traffic matrix is lower for larger values of the true traffic intensity; (iii) the estimate of the Hurst parameter is slightly negatively biased. 相似文献
35.
Mauro Baluda Pietro Braione Giovanni Denaro Mauro Pezzè 《Software Quality Journal》2011,19(4):725-751
Structural code coverage criteria have been studied since the early seventies, and now they are well supported by commercial
and open-source tools and are commonly embedded in several advanced industrial processes. Most industrial applications still
refer to simple criteria, like statement and branch coverage, and consider complex criteria, like modified condition decision
coverage, only rarely and often driven by the requirements of certification agencies. The industrial value of structural criteria
is limited by the difficulty of achieving high coverage, due to both the complexity of deriving test cases that execute specific
uncovered elements and the presence of many infeasible elements in the code. In this paper, we propose a technique that both
generates test cases that execute yet uncovered branches and identifies infeasible branches that can be eliminated from the
computation of the branch coverage. In this way, we can increase branch coverage to closely approximate full coverage, thus
improving its industrial value. The algorithm combines symbolic analysis, abstraction refinement, and a novel technique named
coarsening, to execute unexplored branches, identify infeasible ones, and mitigate the state space explosion problem. In the paper,
we present the technique and illustrate its effectiveness through a set of experimental results obtained with a prototype
implementation. 相似文献
36.
Irene Taurino Sandro Carrara Mauro Giorcelli Alberto Tagliaferro Giovanni De MicheliAuthor vitae 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2011,160(1):327
In this study, we report on multi-walled carbon nanotubes fabricated on silicon substrate with four different orientations via chemical vapor deposition. It is well-known that chemical treatments improve the nanotube electrochemical reactivity by creating edge-like defects on their exposed sidewalls. Before use, we performed an acid treatment on carbon nanotubes. To prove the effect of the treatment on these nanostructured electrodes, contact angles were measured. Then, sensitivities and detection limits were evaluated performing cyclic voltammetry. Two target molecules were used: potassium ferricyanide, an inorganic electroactive molecule, and hydrogen peroxide that is a product of reactions catalyzed by many enzymes, such as oxidases and peroxidases. Carbon nanotubes with tilted tips become hydrophilic after the treatment showing a contact angle of 22° ± 2°. This kind of electrode has shown also the best electrochemical performance. Sensitivity and detection limit values are 110.0 ± 0.5 μA/(mM cm2) and 8 μM for potassium ferricyanide solutions and 16.4 ± 0.1 μA/(mM cm2) and 24 μM using hydrogen peroxide as target compound. Considering the results of wettability and voltammetric measurements, nanotubes with tilted tips-based electrodes are found to be the most promising for future biosensing applications. 相似文献
37.
In recent years, Grid systems and Peer to Peer networks are the most commonly-used solutions to achieve the same goal: the sharing of resources and services in heterogeneous, dynamic, distributed environments. Many studies have proposed hybrid approaches that try to conjugate the advantages of the two models. This paper proposes an architecture that integrates the P2P interaction model in Grid environments, so as to build an open cooperative model wherein Grid entities are composed in a decentralized way. In particular, this paper focuses on a QoS aware discovery algorithm for P2P Grid systems, analyzing protocol and explaining techniques used to improve its performance. 相似文献
38.
Gianclaudio Malgieri Giovanni Comandé 《Information & Communications Technology Law》2017,26(3):229-249
This article offers a new perspective on the boundaries between health and non-health data in the age of ‘Quantified-Self’ apps: the ‘data-sensitiveness-by-computational-distance’ approach-or, more simply, the ‘sensitive-by-distance’ approach. This approach takes into account two variables: the intrinsic sensitiveness (a static variable) of personal data and the computational distance (a dynamic variable) between some kinds of personal data and pure health (or sensitive) data, which depends upon computational capacity. From an objective perspective, computational capacity depends on the level of development of data retrieval technologies at a certain moment, the availability of ‘accessory data’, and the applicable legal restraints on processing data. From a subjective perspective, computational capacity depends on the specific data mining efforts (or the ability to invest in them) taken by a given data controller: economic resources, human resources, and the use of accessory data. A direct consequence of the expansion of augmented humanity in collecting and inferring personal data is the increasing loss of health data processing ‘legibility’ for data subjects. In order to address this issue, we propose exploiting the existing legal tools in the General Data Protection Regulation to empower data subjects (the right to data access, the right to know the logic involved in automated decision-making, data portability, etc.). 相似文献
39.
Francesco Marra Giovanni Poggi Carlo Sansone Luisa Verdoliva 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2017,76(4):4765-4781
Camera model identification has great relevance for many forensic applications, and is receiving growing attention in the literature. Virtually all techniques rely on the traces left in the image by the long sequence of in-camera processes which are specific of each model. They differ in the prior assumptions, if any, and in how such evidence is gathered in expressive features. In this work we study a class of blind features, based on the analysis of the image residuals of all color bands. They are extracted locally, based on co-occurrence matrices of selected neighbors, and then used to train a classifier. A number of experiments are carried out on the well-known Dresden Image Database. Besides the full-knowledge case, where all models of interest are known in advance, other scenarios with more limited knowledge and partially corrupted images are also investigated. Experimental results show these features to provide a state-of-the-art performance. 相似文献
40.
Algorithmic and architectural design for real-time and power-efficient Retinex image/video processing 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sergio Saponara Luca Fanucci Stefano Marsi Giovanni Ramponi 《Journal of Real-Time Image Processing》2007,1(4):267-283
This paper presents novel algorithmic and architectural solutions for real-time and power-efficient enhancement of images
and video sequences. A programmable class of Retinex-like filters, based on the separation of the illumination and reflectance
components, is proposed. The dynamic range of the input image is controlled by applying a suitable non-linear function to
the illumination, while the details are enhanced by processing the reflectance. An innovative spatially recursive rational
filter is used to estimate the illumination. Moreover, to improve the visual quality results of two-branch Retinex operators
when applied to videos, a novel three-branch technique is proposed which exploits both spatial and temporal filtering. Real-time
implementation is obtained by designing an Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP). Optimizations are addressed
at algorithmic and architectural levels. The former involves arithmetic accuracy definition and linearization of non-linear
operators; the latter includes customized instruction set, dedicated memory structure, adapted pipeline, bypasses, custom
address generator, and special looping structures. The ASIP is synthesized in standard-cells CMOS technology and its performances
are compared to known Digital signal processor (DSP) implementations of real-time Retinex filters. As a result of the comparison,
the proposed algorithmic/architectural design outperforms state-of-art Retinex-like operators achieving the best trade-off
between power consumption, flexibility, and visual quality.
Sergio Saponara is a Research Scientist and Assistant Professor at the University of Pisa. He was born in Bari, Italy, in 1975. He received the Electronic Engineering degree cum laude and the Ph.D. in Information Engineering, both from Pisa University, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. Since 2001 he collaborates with Consorzio Pisa Ricerche, Italy and in 2002 he was with IMEC, Belgium as Marie Curie research fellow. His research and teaching interests include electronic circuits and systems for multimedia, telecom and automation. He co-authored more than 40 papers including journals, conferences and patents. Luca Fanucci is Associate Professor of Microelectronics at the University of Pisa. He was born in Montecatini, Italy, in 1965. He received the Doctor Engineer degree and the Ph.D. in Electronic Engineering from the University of Pisa in 1992 and 1996, respectively. From 1992 to 1996, he was with the European Space Agency's Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, and from 1996 to 2004 he was a Research Scientist of the Italian National Research Council in Pisa. His research interests include design technologies for integrated circuits and systems, with emphasis on system-level design, hardware/software co-design and low-power. He co-authored more than 100 journal/conference papers and holds more than 10 patents. Stefano Marsi was born in Trieste, Italy, in 1963. He received the Doctor Engineer degree in Electronic Engineering (summa cum laude) in 1990 and the Ph.D. degree in 1994. Since 1995 he has held the position of researcher in the Department of Electronics at the University of Trieste where he is the teacher of courses in electronic field. His research interests include non-linear operators for image and video processing and their realization through application specific electronics circuits. He is author or co-author of more than 40 papers in international journals, proceedings of international conferences or contributions in books. Giovanni Ramponi is Professor of Electronics at the Department of Electronics of the University of Trieste, Italy. His research interests include nonlinear digital signal processing, and the enhancement and feature extraction in images and image sequences. Prof. Ramponi has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Signal Processing Letters and of the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing; presently is an AE of the SPIE Journal of Electronic Imaging. He has participated in various EU and National Research Projects. He is the co-inventor of various pending international patents and has published more than 140 papers in international journals and conference proceedings, and as book chapters. Prof. Ramponi contributes to several undergraduate and graduate courses on digital signal processing. 相似文献
Giovanni RamponiEmail: |
Sergio Saponara is a Research Scientist and Assistant Professor at the University of Pisa. He was born in Bari, Italy, in 1975. He received the Electronic Engineering degree cum laude and the Ph.D. in Information Engineering, both from Pisa University, in 1999 and 2003, respectively. Since 2001 he collaborates with Consorzio Pisa Ricerche, Italy and in 2002 he was with IMEC, Belgium as Marie Curie research fellow. His research and teaching interests include electronic circuits and systems for multimedia, telecom and automation. He co-authored more than 40 papers including journals, conferences and patents. Luca Fanucci is Associate Professor of Microelectronics at the University of Pisa. He was born in Montecatini, Italy, in 1965. He received the Doctor Engineer degree and the Ph.D. in Electronic Engineering from the University of Pisa in 1992 and 1996, respectively. From 1992 to 1996, he was with the European Space Agency's Research and Technology Center, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, and from 1996 to 2004 he was a Research Scientist of the Italian National Research Council in Pisa. His research interests include design technologies for integrated circuits and systems, with emphasis on system-level design, hardware/software co-design and low-power. He co-authored more than 100 journal/conference papers and holds more than 10 patents. Stefano Marsi was born in Trieste, Italy, in 1963. He received the Doctor Engineer degree in Electronic Engineering (summa cum laude) in 1990 and the Ph.D. degree in 1994. Since 1995 he has held the position of researcher in the Department of Electronics at the University of Trieste where he is the teacher of courses in electronic field. His research interests include non-linear operators for image and video processing and their realization through application specific electronics circuits. He is author or co-author of more than 40 papers in international journals, proceedings of international conferences or contributions in books. Giovanni Ramponi is Professor of Electronics at the Department of Electronics of the University of Trieste, Italy. His research interests include nonlinear digital signal processing, and the enhancement and feature extraction in images and image sequences. Prof. Ramponi has been an Associate Editor of the IEEE Signal Processing Letters and of the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing; presently is an AE of the SPIE Journal of Electronic Imaging. He has participated in various EU and National Research Projects. He is the co-inventor of various pending international patents and has published more than 140 papers in international journals and conference proceedings, and as book chapters. Prof. Ramponi contributes to several undergraduate and graduate courses on digital signal processing. 相似文献