Prevalence of chronic disease risk and protective behaviors among American Indian women living on the Hopi reservation

To describe the geographical patterns and trends of macronutrient intake in Japan for the recent 20 years, we analyzed the data sets of the National Nutrition Surveys (J-NNS). First, we calculated regression coefficients for survey year by prefecture for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake. These results, however, could be affected by the changes in age and sex distributions of the survey samples. Secondly, as the food consumption data were based on household as a unit, we used proportions of the subjects who belong to age-specific groups and female subjects in a sub-sample for each prefecture in a given year for adjustment by general lineal model. As a result, 1% increase in the subjects aged 1-4, 10-19 and 65- years and female subjects was equivalent to the changes in average energy intake by -5.88, +2.27, -1.45 and -1.62 kcal, respectively. After the adjustment for age and sex, number of significant negative coefficients among 47 prefectures decreased for energy and carbohydrate intake, and that of positive coefficients increased for fat intake. This suggested that unadjusted trend data might lead to an overestimation of decreasing trends of energy and carbohydrate intake, and an underestimation of increasing trend of fat intake in the recent 20 years.     

The vanishing landscape of the Campagna Romana

The Campagna Romana, a landscape of unrivalled historical and cultural importance, can be subdivided into three main sectors, characterised by different plant communities, climate, geology and impact of man; these are the west sector, the river Tiber and the east sector. This landscape typology is a striking example of man-environment interaction: its primary source is in different climatic and geological conditions of these three sectors , but it was strongly reinforced by different land use. The western sector has been conserved in a semi-natural state until recent times while the eastern sector, characterised by communities influenced by man and ruins, has been almost completely devoid of woody vegetation probably since the Roman Empire.     

Service Orientation and the Smart Grid state and trends

The energy market is undergoing major changes, the most notable of which is the transition from a hierarchical closed system toward a more open one highly based on a ??smart?? information-rich infrastructure. This transition calls for new information and communication technologies infrastructures and standards to support it. In this paper, we review the current state of affairs and the actual technologies with respect to such transition. Additionally, we highlight the contact points between the needs of the future grid and the advantages brought by service-oriented architectures.     

The catalytic activity of Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-Y zeolites in NO decomposition: dependence on copper concentration

NO decomposition was studied on Cu-ZSM-5 (Cu exchange extent from 23 to 210%) and Cu-Y (Cu exchange extent from 5 to 105%) catalysts at 773 K. The results show that the activity (NO molecules decomposed per gram of catalyst per second) increases by roughly 100-fold when the extent of exchange with copper in the ZSM-5 framework increases from 80 to 100%. This behaviour shows that not all Cu sites are equivalent in their decomposition activity. Cu-ZSM-5 samples prepared with either H-ZSM-5 or Na-ZSM-5 show the same activity pattern.     

Physical properties and dyeability of silk fibers modified with ethoxyethylmethacrylate polymer

The structural characteristics, physical properties, and dyeing behavior of Bombyx mori silk fibers containing ethoxyethylmethacrylate (ETMA) polymer are reported in relation to the add-on. The add-on value increased with the reaction time and attained a maximum after 60 min at 80°C. The surface of silk fibers with an add-on value of 40% showed the presence of several irregular granules, consisting of ETMA oligomers. The infrared spectrum of the silk fibers containing the ETMA polymer showed overlapped absorption bands due to the molecular conformation of untreated silk and ETMA polymer, giving evidence that the ETMA polymerization occurred inside the fiber matrix. The DSC results suggested that the thermal decomposition behavior of the silk fiber remained almost unchanged, except that the decomposition temperature shifted slightly to higher temperature. The tensile properties of the silk fiber remained unchanged regardless of the ETMA polymerization. The rate and extent of acid dye uptake was greatly increased by the polymerization of ETMA into the silk fibers as well as the transfer printing properties.     

Molecular weight distribution of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymer separated from the MMA-grafted silk fiber

The molecular weight distribution of poly-methyl methacrylate (poly-MMA) chains separated from MMA-grafted silk fibers obtained by using potassium persulfate (KPS) and tri-n-butylborane (TBB) as initiator of the graft-copolymerization reaction have been examined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GPC elution pattern of poly-MMA chains shows a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The two peaks have been identified as heavy and light component. The average molecular weight of the heavy component ranges from 48.5 to 200 kD for poly-MMA copolymerized by the KPS reaction system and from 336 to 816 kD for the poly-MMA copolymerized by the TBB reaction system. The light component has an average molecular weight lower than 1,000 D and its value is almost similar in all the samples examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the presence of MMA oligomers formed on the fiber surface during grafting. The molar ratio between poly-MMA chains and silk fibroin attains a constant value that seems to be specific for a certain reaction system. A linear correlation has been observed between the weight gain and the average molecular weight of the poly-MMA chains. These findings suggest the effect of grafting parameters on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the grafted polymer, as well as its influence on the physical properties and textile performances of MMA-grafted silk fibers.     

Number of metallic clusters in Y zeolites obtained from129Xe NMR

We present a simple model which permits to obtain the number of metallic clusters entrapped in Y zeolites from the curves of the chemical shifts of¹²⁹Xe NMR against the pressure of Xe. From the metal loading the average number of atoms per cluster can also be calculated. We apply the model to Pt/NaY and the bimetallic Pt-Cu/NaY.     

Progress Towards an Acoustic Measurement of the Molar Gas Constant at INRIM

Progress in developing an experiment for the determination of the molar gas constant R and the Boltzmann constant k at INRIM is reported. The experiment involves simultaneous measurements of the acoustic and microwave resonance frequencies of a stainless steel spherical resonator for which its hemispheres were deliberately misaligned. For the present work, these frequencies were measured in helium near 273.16 K, in the pressure range from 100 to 800 kPa. From microwave data, the radius of the resonator was determined as a function of pressure with an estimated uncertainty of 6.0 ppm. Using acoustic data and the microwave determination of the resonator radius, the speed of sound in helium was deduced, and these values were compared with those predicted by recent accurate ab initio calculations. Over most of the pressure range, the present values agreed with the ab initio values within the uncertainty of the measurements (standard uncertainty of approximately 7.0 ppm). Many suggestions for reducing the uncertainty are provided.     

The HEPD particle detector of the CSES satellite mission for investigating seismo-associated perturbations of the Van Allen belts

CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise,as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with highenergy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector(HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 Me V, protons of 30–200 Me V and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2~(nd), 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center(China).