Reductive dimerization and oligomerization of alcohols,ketones, and aldehydes to hydrocarbons on a promoted,fused iron catalyst

A new reductive dimerization and oligomerization reaction of (C₅ and C₆) cycloalkanols and cycloalkanones, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol to hydrocarbons containing as many, or more, carbon atoms as the reactant oxygenated compound on a promoted, fused iron catalyst proceeds at a temperature of 250–350°C, a hydrogen pressure of 0.1–1 MPa, a specific feed rate of oxygenated reagent of 80–320 g h^?1kg^?1Ct, and a hydrogen space velocity of 1 × 10³ to 20 × 10³ h^?1. Possible reaction mechanisms have been considered.     

Mathematical modeling of desublimation of carbon dioxide from flue gases of heat power systems

A quasi-nonstationary mathematical model of the low-temperature desublimation of carbon dioxide from purified flue gases of heat power systems has been developed. Process calculation results at parameters that correspond to its integration into the power trigeneration module based on a combination of Rankine and refrigeration cycles are given. Optimal operation estimates were obtained, which could be used to select an optimal engineering solution (changing the diameter of the heat exchanger tubes or the use of parallel units).     

Technology for processing natural energy resources based on the concept of optimal chemical engineering system organization

The problem of coordinating the target processes within a virtual system followed by the addition of corresponding heat exchanger and utility elements to the above processes has been considered. The problem has been solved using a sequential synthesis algorithm that involves selecting the target processes of the system, their optimal coordination within the system that combines the target processes, the selection of the heat exchanger elements and optimal load distribution, and the selection of optimal system topology. The functioning of the algorithm has been demonstrated based on an example of a unified system comprised of lignite gasification and the water-gas shift reaction of the synthesis gas in order to achieve the key component ratio H₂: CO = 2: 1 for the production of methanol and higher alcohols. A specific feature of the algorithm proposed for the example under consideration is that it does not have feedback, since optimal solutions are chosen at every step of the process of increasing the system complexity element-by-element according to the corresponding organization criteria, which take this process into account.     

Investigation of Argon Blowing in a Steel-Teeming Ladle

Metallurgist - We present the results of numerical and full-scale experiments aimed at the investigation of multiphase flows and interface processes in the volume of a commercial 160-ton...     

Flexible pillars for displacement compensation in optical chip assembly

In chip-to-chip optical interconnect systems with surface mounted light-sources and detectors, thermal and mechanical effects can cause lateral displacements of the assembled devices. These displacements can result in optical signal losses that can critically deteriorate the bit-error-rate of the digital system. We demonstrate that, for a given loss budget of 1 dB, the use of flexible optical pillars with 150-/spl mu/m height and 50-/spl mu/m diameter can double the lateral displacement tolerance from about 15 to 30 /spl mu/m. The pillars fabricated from Avatrel polymer form an air-free path between the light source and the substrate and cause maximum optical power losses less than 0.2 dB.     

Supercritical-pressure water cooled thermal reactor with uranium–plutonium–thorium fuel cycle and bidirectional coolant flow articles

Computational results obtained for fuel assemblies and a core with uni- and bidirectional coolant flow are presented for a water-cooled reactor with a thermal neutron spectrum. It is shown that a bidirectional scheme for cooling fuel assemblies has advantages over a unidirectional scheme and holds promise for Gen IV water-cooled reactors with supercritical coolant pressure, which make it possible to perfect the technology for closing and drawing thorium into the fuel cycle.     

Experimental study of the process of the filling of a container with compressed air

Certain laws governing the process of the filling of a container with compressed air are determined experimentally.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 555–557, April, 1984.