Towards a Systematic Data Harmonization to Enable AI Application in the Process Industry

Current methods of artificial intelligence may often proof ineffective in the process industry, usually because of insufficient data availability. In this contribution, we investigate how data standards can contribute to fulfill the data availability requirements of machine learning methods. We give an overview of AI use cases relevant in the process industry, name related requirements and discuss known standards in the context of implicit vs. explicit data. We conclude with a roadmap sketching how to bring the results of this contribution into practical application.     

Tool Chain to Extract and Contextualize Process Data for AI Applications

Summarizing a key use case of a research workstream of the German publicly funded KEEN project, methods and tool chains are demonstrated to extract and to contextualize process data in an automated way based on engineering information. The contextualized process data serves as a high-quality data source for machine learning methods. The article covers the applied basic methodical approaches, design decisions and the results of a successful pilot installation of the developed tool chain.     

High-temperature high-pressure SCC testing of corrosion-resistant alloys

Stress corrosion cracking test methods of corrosion-resistant alloys are reviewed. The interest to write a review on this topic was drawn by demands for oil country tubular goods applicable in deep wells with high pressures, high temperatures, and the presence of H₂S, where stress corrosion cracking is one of the most critical failure modes. All conventional methods for determining the stress corrosion cracking resistance of an alloy, mainly slow strain rate testing, constant load testing (tensile, 4-PB), constant strain testing (U-bend, C-ring), and fracture mechanics (double cantilever beam sample) are covered. Considering the variety of testing solutions, the field of search is narrowed to hot (up to 250°C) aqueous chloride solutions with dissolved H₂S and CO₂ gases under high pressure (up to 200 bar total pressure).     

Towards the flexible and near-net-shape production of three-dimensionally curved extrusion profiles

The present paper describes the new developments in continuous extrusion of curved profiles by a flexible production method which is composed of a short process chain starting with the extrusion press, a deflection tool, one robot for the flying cutting of the profile and another robot for supporting and handling the profile. Because of the flexibility of this complete system according to the profile curvature it is convenient for small-volume production. In order to reach high profile accuracy all kinematic systems in the process chain have to be synchronized with the profile speed caused by the extrusion process. The results of the investigation of different existing synchronization methods identify the need for an additional measuring system to compensate the large deviation of the cut profile length. By adjusting parameters of the synchronization the accuracy of the profile length could be strongly improved. Furthermore influencing parameters like die deformation during the extrusion process are measured and combined with the results of the cut profile length over the process time.     

Tetranuclear Thioureacopper(II) Complexes

By replacement of methanol in the Cu₄OX₆(MeOH)₄ (X  Cl, Br) complexes with thiourea (tu), N,N′-diphenylthiourea (diftu), N,N′-dimethlthiourea (dimtu), tetramethylthiourea (tmtu) and acetylthiourea (actu), the complexes Cu₄OCl₆L₄ where L  tu, tu(0.3 Et₂O), diftu, dimtu, tmtu, actu (0.5Et₂O) and the complexes Cu₄OBr₆L₄, where L  tu, diftu, dimtu, tmtu have been prepared. Their infrared and electronic spectra indicate the presence of Cu₄O grouping and the trigonal bipyramidal coordination of copper(II). These complexes exhibit e.p.r. signals in the temperature range 100–260 K, in contrast to other known complexes of this structural type, which showed the e.p.r. signals at significantly lower temperatures. Thiourea and its derivatives are not able to reduce copper(II) in reaction with the tetranuclear Cu₄OX₆(MeOH)₄ complexes in methanol-ether solution due to the redox stabilizing effect of the tetranuclear structure.