In vivo construction of cDNA libraries for use in the yeast two‐hybrid system

We describe a simple and efficient one‐step method to make cDNA libraries using homologous recombination in yeast. cDNA from any source, together with a linear vector, is used to transform yeast. Through homologous recombination and gap repair, the cDNA is unidirectionally incorporated into the yeast expression vector in vivo. The cDNA‐encoded proteins can then be screened for potential protein–protein interactions with a bait already present in the yeast. This method allows rapid construction and screening of cDNA libraries, even from extremely small amounts of mRNA, and can replace the use of conventional cDNA libraries. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation: High Limonene Oxide Yields by Surface Silylation of Ti‐MCM‐41

Limonene oxide is an intermediate getting growing attention in industrial chemistry. A series of Ti‐MCM‐41 heterogeneous catalysts with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic character, prepared by post‐synthesis silylation with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), were studied in the liquid‐phase epoxidation of limonene with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). A maximum yield of 84 % in limonene oxide was obtained over a partially silylated catalyst with a surface coverage of 55 %.     

Environmentally Benign Oxidation of Alkylphenols to p-Benzoquinones: A Comparative Study of Various Ti-Containing Catalysts

Catalytic properties of Ti-containing porous solids were compared in the oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) with H₂O₂ to produce 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TMBQ, vitamin E key intermediate). Mesoporous titanium–silicates with di(oligo)nuclear Ti centers, metal–organic framework MIL-125 and amorphous TiO₂ demonstrated 100 % selectivity toward TMBQ. Titanium–silicates prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly revealed superior performance in terms of product yield and catalyst reusability.     

New de-embedding structures for extracting the electrical parameters of a through-silicon-via pair

Two innovative de-embedding methods are proposed for extracting an electrical model for a throughsilicon -via(TSV) pair consisting of a ground-signal(GS) structure.In addition,based on microwave network theory, a new solution scheme is developed for dealing with multiple solutions of the transfer matrix during the process of de-embedding.A unique solution is determined based on the amplitude and the phase characteristic of S parameters. In the first de-embedding method,a typical "π" type model of the TSV pair is developed,which illustrates the need to allow for frequency dependence in the equivalent TSV pair Spice model.This de-embedding method is shown to be effective for extracting the electrical properties of the TSVs.The feasibility of a second de-embedding method is also investigated.     

Characterization of Fe/KClO4 Heat Powders and Pellets

Pellets of Fe/KClO₄ mixtures are used as a heat source for thermally activated (“thermal”) batteries. They provide the energy necessary for melting the electrolyte and bringing the battery stack to operating temperature. The effects of morphology of the Fe and the heat-pellet density and composition on both the physical properties (flowability, pelletization, and pellet strength) and the pyrotechnic performance (burn rate and ignition sensitivity) were examined using several commercial sources of Fe.     

Board-level optical-to-electrical signal distribution at 10 gb/s

An opto/electrical prototype for on-board optical-to-electrical signal broadcasting operating at 10 Gb/s per channel over an interconnect distance of 10 cm is demonstrated. An improved 1/spl times/4 multimode interference (MMI) splitter at 1550 nm with linearly tapered output facet is heterogeneously integrated with four p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) on a silicon (Si) bench. The Si bench itself is hybrid integrated onto an FR-4 printed-circuit board with four receiver channels. A novel fabrication/integration approach demonstrates the simultaneous alignment between the four waveguides and the four PDs during the MMI fabrication process. The entire system is fully functional at 10 Gb/s.     

On transmission control protocol synchronization in optical burst switching

This article studies the transmission control protocol (TCP) synchronization effect in optical burst switched networks. Synchronization of TCP flows appears when optical bursts with segments from different flows inside are dropped in the network causing flow congestion windows decreasing simultaneously. In this article, this imminent effect is studied with different assembly schemes and network scenarios. Different metrics are applied to quantitatively assess synchronization with classical assembly schemes. A new burst assembly scheme is proposed that statically or dynamically allocates flows to multiple assembly queues to control flow aggregation within the assembly cycle. The effectiveness of the scheme has been evaluated, showing a good improvement in optical link utilization.