Luminescence,charge mobility,and optical waveguiding of two-dimensional organic rubrene nanosheets: Comparison with one-dimensional nanorods

Intrinsic characteristics of organic and inorganic nanostructures depend on their physical dimensions (i.e., size and shape) and crystallinity. Here, we compared the nanoscale optical and electrical properties of organic rubrene one-dimensional (1-D) nanorods (NRs) and two-dimensional (2-D) nanosheets (NSs). From high-resolution laser confocal microscope photoluminescence (PL) measurements, the light-emission characteristics of 2-D rubrene NSs varied with the crystalline domain direction, indicating intrinsic PL anisotropy, which was distinguishable from 1-D rubrene single NRs, because of anisotropy π–π stacking molecular arrangements. We also observed the variation of charge carrier mobility depending on the measured directions (i.e., anisotropy of charge transport) in rubrene NS-based field-effect transistors. The optical waveguiding properties of rubrene nanostructures were strongly correlated to the dimensionality of materials and PL anisotropy.     

Non‐Volatile Polymer Electroluminescence Programmable with Ferroelectric Field‐Induced Charge Injection Gate

Electroluminescence (EL) of organic and polymeric fluorescent materials programmable in the luminance is extremely useful as a non‐volatile EL memory with the great potential in the variety of emerging information storage applications for imaging and motion sensors. In this work, a novel non‐volatile EL memory in which arbitrarily chosen EL states are programmed and erased repetitively with long EL retention is demonstrated. The memory is based on utilizing the built‐in electric field arising from the remnant polarization of a ferroelectric polymer which in turn controls the carrier injection of an EL device. A device with vertically stacked components of a transparent bottom electrode/a ferroelectric polymer/a hole injection layer/a light emitting layer/a top electrode successfully emits light upon alternating current (AC) operation. Interestingly, the device exhibits two distinctive non‐volatile EL intensities at constant reading AC voltage, depending upon the programmed direct current (DC) voltage on the ferroelectric layer. DC programmed and AC read EL memories are also realized with different EL colors of red, green and blue. Furthermore, more than four distinguishable EL states are precisely addressed upon the programmed voltage input each of which shows excellent EL retention and multiple cycle endurance of more than 10⁵ s and 10² cycles, respectively.     

容错同步设计

提出容错同步设计原则和设计方法，并用此方法设计声码器的同步方案。实际运行表明：此方法设计的同步稳定可靠、性能良好。     

Extreme Two‐Phase Cooling from Laser‐Etched Diamond and Conformal,Template‐Fabricated Microporous Copper

This paper reports the first integration of laser‐etched polycrystalline diamond microchannels with template‐fabricated microporous copper for extreme convective boiling in a composite heat sink for power electronics and energy conversion. Diamond offers the highest thermal conductivity near room temperature, and enables aggressive heat spreading along triangular channel walls with 1:1 aspect ratio. Conformally coated porous copper with thickness 25 µm and 5 µm pore size optimizes fluid and heat transport for convective boiling within the diamond channels. Data reported here include 1280 W cm^?2 of heat removal from 0.7 cm² surface area with temperature rise beyond fluid saturation less than 21 K, corresponding to 6.3 × 10⁵ W m^?2 K^?1. This heat sink has the potential to dissipate much larger localized heat loads with small temperature nonuniformity (5 kW cm^?2 over 200 µm × 200 µm with <3 K temperature difference). A microfluidic manifold assures uniform distribution of liquid over the heat sink surface with negligible pumping power requirements (e.g., <1.4 × 10^?4 of the thermal power dissipated). This breakthrough integration of functional materials and the resulting experimental data set a very high bar for microfluidic heat removal.     

局部高温诱发CL-20/TNT共晶炸药内反应流传播的ReaxFF分子动力学模拟

为了更好地理解含能材料热点火以及热点成长现象和机理,采用基于第一性原理的Reax FF反应力场分子动力学方法模拟了CL-20/TNT共晶炸药内反应流传播的时空行为和初始化学反应过程。通过NVT系统和Berendsen温度耦合方法对含能材料两端连续快速加热并维持在高温条件激发反应流的产生和传播,并采用两种不同的热载荷(3000,4000 K)比较温度差异对初始热分解速率的影响。两端热载荷为4000 K时,热冲击传播过程中粒子瞬时平动速率可达0.5 km·s~(-1),高于3000 K时的情况。于此同时,两端高温将引发含能材料逐渐发生分解反应,同温度条件下,共晶中CL-20的分解速率高于TNT。另外,热载荷温度越高,共晶完全分解所需的时间越少。产物识别分析显示,CL-20/TNT共晶热分解的主要产物为NO_2,NO,H_2O,N_2,CO,CO_2,HONO,H_2O_2,CHON,H_2N,CH_2O,其中,NO_2是初始热分解产物,而最终产物为N_2,CO_2和H_2O。     

炮用象限仪角度测量不确定度的评定方法

竞争择优任务要求炮用象限仪角度测量结果给出不确定度,以便于不同行业领域的理解、交流和比对。在评定测量不确定度的过程中,鉴于实际工程测量样本量小而难以实施A类评定的问题,提出用实验室校准过程近似实际测量过程,利用历史校准数据和线性回归方法,建立了基于统计过程控制技术的A类评定方法,以某型炮用象限仪的历史校准数据并结合MATLAB工具验证该方法可行。用测量不确定传递率法得到了该型炮用象限仪测量范围内任意角度上的扩展不确定度曲线,并用蒙特卡洛法对其进行了验证。     

一种空间飞行轨迹的大地坐标计算方法

针对弹道飞行器空间飞行轨迹的大地坐标计算,从弹道计算的地心球坐标出发,给出一种利用空间几何关系的迭代法,避免了地心直角坐标的转换过程。通过与传统算法的对比分析,验证了该算法的有效性,并进一步明确了该算法的迭代初值,分析了该算法在弹道飞行器空间飞行轨迹大地坐标计算中的适用性。     

Engineering Sensor Arrays Using Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens for Pathogen Identification

Lacking rapid and reliable pathogen diagnostic platforms, inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy could be made, which greatly threatens human life and accelerates the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. In this contribution, a series of simple and reliable sensor arrays based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives are successfully developed for detection and discrimination of pathogens. Each sensor array consists of three TPE‐based aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) that bear cationic ammonium group and different hydrophobic substitutions, providing tunable logP (n‐octanol/water partition coefficient) values to enable the different multivalent interactions with pathogens. On the basis of the distinctive fluorescence response produced by the diverse interaction of AIEgens with pathogens, these sensor arrays can identify different kinds of pathogens, even normal and drug‐resistant bacteria, with nearly 100% accuracy. Furthermore, blends of pathogens can also be identified accurately. The sensor arrays exhibit rapid response (about 0.5 h), high‐throughput, and easy‐to‐operate without washing steps.     

Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived from Zero‐Valent Metal Substrates: Mechanisms of Formation and Modulation of Properties

The replicative construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) templated with solvent‐insoluble solid substrates is of marked importance, as it allows for the assembly of 2D and 3D macro‐ and mesoscopic architectures with properties that are challenging to attain by the conventional solution‐based synthesis approach. This work reports an in situ and direct construction of MOFs from zero‐valent metal substrates via a green hydrothermal oxidation–MOF construction chemistry without the use of any additional metal source, chemical reagents, or acidification of solvent, and elucidates the zero‐valent metal derived formation mechanisms of MOFs and their structure modulation to 1D nanofibers (NFs), 2D film, and 3D core–shell microstructures. Through modulation of the competing surface oxidation‐dissolution and MOF crystallization kinetics, Al@MIL‐53 core–shell microstructures and MIL‐53 (Al) NFs are obtained that exhibit unique morphologies and marked properties superior to the conventional MIL‐53 (Al) powders. The generality of zero‐valent metal‐templated synthesis of MOFs is demonstrated with formation of MIL‐53 (Al), HKUST‐1, and ZIF‐7 polycrystalline films on Al, Cu, and Zn metal meshes, elucidating the significance of the approach utilizing solid metal substrate that can be easily processed into various shapes, architectures, and compositions.