Robust and direct evaluation of J2 in linear elastic fracture mechanics with the X‐FEM

The aim of the present paper is to study the accuracy and the robustness of the evaluation of J_k‐integrals in linear elastic fracture mechanics using the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) approach. X‐FEM is a numerical method based on the partition of unity framework that allows the representation of discontinuity surfaces such as cracks, material inclusions or holes without meshing them explicitly. The main focus in this contribution is to compare various approaches for the numerical evaluation of the J₂‐integral. These approaches have been proposed in the context of both classical and enriched finite elements. However, their convergence and the robustness have not yet been studied, which are the goals of this contribution. It is shown that the approaches that were used previously within the enriched finite element context do not converge numerically and that this convergence can be recovered with an improved strategy that is proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fabrication of polymer thin films with in-depth dye-dispersed structures by the vacuum spray method

We report the fabrication of polymer thin films with “in-depth” dye-dispersed structures using a vacuum spray method. Copper (II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine [(t-Bu)₄CuPc] and polycarbonate in chloroform solution were sprayed onto the substrate. The (t-Bu)₄CuPc distribution was controlled precisely during thin film growth by varying its concentration in the solution. Uniform, bilayer, and gradient structures of (t-Bu)₄CuPc dispersed in thin films were confirmed by high-angle annular dark field imaging on scanning transmission electron microscopy. The vacuum spray method has several advantages compared to the casting method, such as smaller dispersed dye-aggregates and lack of cavities due to air bubbles.     

通用型船舶防锈底漆的发展及应用

介绍了改性环氧通用底漆的技术水平和发展现状,分析了改性环氧通用底漆的技术特性和应用前景。     

磷砷废水处理工程高效运行技术研究

通过对磷砷废水处理工程3 a运行数据的研究,分析了影响金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)高浓度磷砷废水处理工程运行效率的主要因素,总结出石灰-铁盐法处理磷砷废水的高效运行条件,提出了以单位质量药剂除砷量计算额定投药量的方法。与现行投药法相比,定额投药法特别适用于砷浓度高、变化幅度大的磷砷废水,3 a运行期可减少25.2%的药剂投加量,同时可显著提高磷砷废水处理工程的运行效率,有效降低处理费用。     

多孔硅——聚合物PFTD复合膜的光致发光研究

文章采用直接浸泡法在多孔硅中嵌入了新型共轭有机聚合物聚[4-（N,N-二甲基胺丙氧基）苯-4,4’-二苯胺-9,9-二辛基芴-4,7-二噻吩-2-基-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑]（PFTD）,对比研究了多孔硅,PFTD/多孔硅,PFTD/硅以及PFTD在甲苯溶液中的光致发光特性。实验结果表明：PFTD/多孔硅复合膜光致发光强度要明显强于PFTD/硅,同时由于聚合物在固态时有效共轭程度增加导致PFTD/多孔硅复合膜的荧光光谱相对于甲苯溶液中的红光聚合物光谱有所红移。     

电石渣-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水处理

针对新疆天业(集团)有限公司4×135 MW和2×300 MW机组烟气脱硫废水处理系统的工程调试及运行实践,对比石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水的特点和处理工艺,分析了电石渣-石膏湿法烟气脱硫废水的水质特点,提出了改进的处理工艺及调试运行参数。在优化的参数下运行,脱硫废水出水水质可以达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB/T 8978-1996)中一级标准。     

外场强化浸取中药有效成分研究进展

介绍了外场强化浸取中药有效成分技术的原理、特点及近年来的研究应用情况,并展望了外场强化浸取技术的发展前景。     

沟槽形表面织构对摩擦噪声的影响

用电加工方法在制动盘蠕墨铸铁材料表面加工出沟槽形表面织构(沟槽深度为30μm、宽度为150μm、间距为500μm),采用球—平面接触方式,选取直径为10mm的Si3N4球为对磨副,对沟槽形织构表面和光滑表面进行了摩擦噪声对比试验,研究了沟槽形表面织构对界面摩擦振动噪声的影响。试验结果表明(以下结论只针对本试验选定尺寸规格的沟槽形表面织构):法向载荷对织构表面产生摩擦噪声强度的影响较小,而对光滑表面产生摩擦噪声的水平具有重要影响;沟槽形织构表面在低法向载荷下较光滑表面更易产生摩擦噪声,但随着法向载荷从5N增大到10N,光滑表面产生的摩擦噪声强度迅速增大并与织构表面的接近;沟槽形表面织构使摩擦系统更易产生多频率的摩擦振动,较早地产生摩擦噪声且其主频率成分较复杂;沟槽形织构表面比光滑表面具有较高的摩擦因数和耐磨性,沟槽形织构的存在明显地改变了接触界面摩擦磨损行为和摩擦噪声特性,但其对应关系需要进一步深入研究。     

Tool-path generation for sheet metal incremental forming based on STL model with defects

Tool-path generation is a key issue in sheet metal incremental forming process, and existing approaches either are prone to computationally expensive or cannot be applied to stereolithography (STL) model including defects. Thus, a new tool-path generation method is presented by adopting the thought of generating cutter-location (CL) data directly from corresponding cutter-contact (CC) data. By analyzing the interference characteristics between fillet-end tool and model surface and considering tangential case and intersection case comprehensively, a discrete computational model is proposed to calculate single-layer interference-free CL contour, instead of computing a precise CL point by checking potential interferences from candidate facet, vertices, and edges, respectively. So this method is more efficient and easier for program implementation. Additionally, a fast recursive search algorithm is developed to identify and extract flat area features, and an efficient 2D invalid loops removal algorithm based on decomposition thought is presented to obtain valid CC contours and CL contours with a near linear time-complexity. Implementation tests prove that the new method is effective and robust for STL model with defects, and tool-path achieved is highly precise. It is also applicable to various tool shapes and suitable for planning various types of tool-paths to meet different SMIF process requirements.     

加氢裂化装置往复压缩机填料密封故障分析与改造

针对加氢裂化装置C102新型往复压缩机填料密封存在的泄漏问题,对压缩机气缸活塞填料密封结构、密封原理及其密封条件进行研究,在对密封填料函结构和填料受力等讨论的基础上,分析压缩机气缸填料密封失效的主要原因,提出改进填料密封环结构、冷却系统、规范密封环加工工艺程序及优化安装等措施。实践证明,改造后密封效果显著提高,设备使用寿命延长。