Lipids in vascular function

Physiological and pathological vascular responses depend on the action of numerous intercellular mediators, ranging from hormones to gases like nitric oxide, proteins, and lipids. The last group consists not only of the different types of lipoproteins, but also includes a broad array of other lipophilic signaling molecules such as fatty acids, eicosanoids, phospholipids and their derivatives, sphingolipids and isoprenoids. Due to space limitations, it is impossible to discuss all the vascular effects of lipophilic mediators or compounds. Therefore, we will focus on one of the most important lipid-mediated diseases, atherosclerosis. Lipoproteins and especially their native or oxidized lipid compounds affect vascular function in many different ways, and these effects do not only modulate atherogenesis but are of paramount physiological and pathophysiological importance in other diseases, such as inflammation, tumor metastasis, or normal wound healing.     

1‐Arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Are Potent Cytokine Release Suppressors

A series of 1‐arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines ( 7 – 15 ) has been developed; the compounds exhibited potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activities. Notably, almost all of this series exhibited better HDAC‐inhibitory and antiproliferative activities than 3‐(1‐benzenesulfonyl‐1H‐indol‐5‐yl)‐N‐hydroxyacrylamide ( 6 ), as reported in a previous study. Among these compounds, 3‐[1‐(4‐methoxybenzenesulfonyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indol‐5‐yl]‐N‐hydroxyacrylamide ( 9 ) showed a two‐ to tenfold increase in activity compared to SAHA ( 1 ) in the suppression of lipopolysaccharide‐induced cytokine production. Compound 9 also caused a marked reduction in carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation in a rat model. Taken together, these data indicated that 1‐arylsulfonyl‐5‐(N‐hydroxyacrylamide)indolines HDAC inhibitors exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory activity.     

An Innovative Tree Gradient Boosting Method Based Image Object detection from a Uniform Background Scene

Object detection is a wide area problem domain in the field of computer and machine vision. Complex background adds challenge and error margin as well to the problem significantly lot algorithms for object detection are hard to comply with occlusion and pixel bending moment affect. In this paper a highly robust algorithm ORBTRIAN for a less resolution image has been proposed and implemented using ORB detection with gradient boosting machine learning algorithm. The work has been compared with Adaboost and Surf based technology. The analysis shows 3.8% increase in performance of earlier model. The feature points extracted from ORB method are further processed to reduce the processing further. Only those points are selected which are triangularly farthest from centroid of it and only 1 point of feature selected. Thus the result is around 28%, much faster than earlier computation. The tree based GB has been implemented in this algorithm. With more number of feature points more classes need to be recognized and hence the computations performed is required an unreasonable amount of effort and time. So some nearby classes are assigned at same level using our algorithm to reduce the number of tree nodes. Overall performance of the proposed algorithm shows a significant increase in efficiency in computation time.     

Rippled and Helical MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript> Nanowire Catalysts: An Aberration Corrected STEM Study

Abstract  

Aberration corrected (C_s) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been used for the first time to characterize MoS₂ catalysts (supported on Al₂O₃ substrates) to provide detailed information of its shape and structure. The high-resolution imaging reveals unprecedented morphologies present in the MoS₂ catalyst that have never been observed before with other experimental techniques because of the insufficient image contrast and/or resolution. High angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM images shows very clearly that the catalyst is formed by elongated chains with a twisted and helical structure. Based on the HAADF-STEM images, we built three atomic models to illustrate the different morphologies found in the MoS₂ catalyst. The existence of these nanostructures opens the posibility for novel catalyticaly active edge morphologies in MoS₂-based nanocatalysts.     

Synthesis of Sulfonated Carbon Nanocage and Its Performance as Solid Acid Catalyst

Abstract  

A carbon nanocage material (CKT) was first successfully sulfonated by introducing sulfophenyl groups on the surface of pore channels through benzenesulfonic acid-containing aryl radical in situ generated from the reaction of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and isoamyl nitrite in water. The sulfonated carbon nanocage material (S-CKT) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder small-angle X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption measurements. The results showed that the S-CKT still possess the high specific surface area (787 m²/g) and uniform mesoporous (pore diameter 4.7 nm) structures, although the structure of S-CKT is slightly disorder, compared with its unsulfonated precursor. S-CKT, as a carbon-based solid acid catalyst, showed good catalytic performance and reusability in the cross-Aldol condensation of ketones with aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free condition.     

Nanosized Mn(acac)<Subscript>3</Subscript> Anchored on Amino Functionalized Silica for the Selective Oxidative Synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles, 2-arylbenzothiazoles and Aerobic Oxidation of Benzoins in Water

Abstract  

Silica functionalized Mn(acac)₃ was prepared and employed for the one-pot oxidative synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazoles, 2-arylbenzothiazoles; and oxidation of benzoins to benzils under air atmosphere using water as the reaction medium. Environmentally friendly procedure, chemoselectivity and excellent yields are main advantages of this procedure. In all the cases, the catalyst was found to be highly active and selective; passes hot filtration test successfully; and could be recycled several times with a slight loss of activity.     

Selective Oxidation of Glycerol Catalyzed by Rh/Activated Carbon: Importance of Support Surface Chemistry

Abstract  

Noble metal catalysts (Pt, Ir, Pd, Rh, Au) supported on activated carbon were assessed for glycerol oxidation. Rhodium is a highly efficient catalyst when the support has neutral or basic properties. The surface chemistry of activated carbon plays a key role in the performance.