Quality changes of fish burgers prepared from deep flounder (Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912) with and without coating during frozen storage (−18 °C)

In the present study, chemical and sensory qualities of fish burgers prepared from deep flounder (Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912) with and without coating (Group A and Group B, respectively) or batter and breading materials were determined during frozen storage at ?18 °C for 5 months. According the statistical results, Total volatile base nitrogen of two groups increased significantly (P < 0.05) but a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed at the third month for Group A. Thiobarbituric acid value of Group A decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the storage time from 1.01 to 0.22, whereas a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed for Group B from 0.15 to 0.62 at the end of storage time. There were significant differences of pH in either the Group A or Group B between the beginning and end of the storage periods (P < 0.05). Parameters of colour, texture, taste and general acceptability for two groups decreased (P < 0.05) but Group B indicated better scores than Group A at the end of the storage period.     

Using the mixture design approach to predict the rheological properties of low-calorie dairy desserts containing gum tragacanth exuded by three Iranian Astragalus species

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this study, the flow behavior and creep parameters of saffron desserts containing gum tragacanth combinations of three species were modeled by the mixture design...     

Characterization of composition,antioxidant potential and microbial organisms upon submerged <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> fermentation

The aim of this work was to investigate the composition, antioxidant potential and microbial content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) steep liquor (CSL) during a submerged fermentation. Chickpea seeds (250 g) were soaked in boiled distilled water (1:2, w/v) for 24 h at 37 °C then filtered and freeze-dried to obtain 8.2 g of CSL. Lysine was the main amino acid accounted for 77.0 % of total free amino acids followed by serine (6.49 %). The results of total amino acids found in CSL indicated that arginine was the main amino acid accounted for 24.0 % of total amino acids followed by tyrosine (20.0 %). Total carbohydrate in the freeze-dried CSL was 1.47 %, wherein reducing sugar was 1.25 % of total carbohydrates. Levels of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ were 14.3, 3.14, 24.2, 1.11, 0.59 and 24.5 mg/100 mg CSL, respectively. CSL exhibited antioxidant activity (AA) wherein AA was increased with increasing the fermentation time. After 24 h of fermentation, AA of CSL reached 77.0 % while tertiary butyl hydroquinone exhibited 82.0 %. Twenty-five Bacilli isolates were separated from freeze-dried CSL on nutrient broth medium. CSL might be used as an alternative to yeast extract for syngas fermentation because it is rich in nutrients and cheaper compared to yeast extract.     

Multi-Objective Optimization of Turbulent Tube Flows Over Diamond-Shaped Turbulators

In this paper, experimentally derived correlations of heat transfer and pressure drop are used in a Pareto-based multi-objective optimization approach to find the best possible combinations of heat transfer and pressure drop in a tube fitted with diamond-shaped turbulators in tandem arrangements. The design variables are two geometrical parameters of diamond-shaped turbulators, namely, cone angle and tail length ratio, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number. The objectives are maximizing the nondimensional heat transfer coefficient and minimizing the nondimensional pressure drop in a round tube fitted with diamond-shaped turbulators. It is shown that some interesting and important relationships as useful optimal design principles involved in the thermal performance of round tube fitted with diamond-shaped turbulators can be discovered by the Paret- based multi-objective optimization approach.     

Characterization of treated date palm tree fiber as composite reinforcement

Recently, great interest was paid to new technologies dealing with environmental aspect. Preservation of natural resources such as natural fibers forced the composite industry to search and examine “eco-friendly” components. Studies to find alternative reinforcements and resin systems that are environmentally friendly while providing the same performance as their synthetic counterparts are in continuous progress. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of different treatment process on the data palm fiber (DPF). Raw DPF underwent different surface modification methods such as alkali treatment with concentrations 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 5%, and acid treatment with 0.3, 0.9 and 1.6 N. All treatments were performed at 100 °C for 1 h. The surface morphology, thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and chemical analysis, of treated DPF were investigated. Specimen treated with 1% NaOH showed optimum mechanical properties. Hydrochloric acid treatment resulted in deterioration in mechanical properties.     

The inhibitive performance of polyphosphate-based anticorrosion pigments using electrochemical techniques

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization revealed the superiority of zinc aluminum polyphosphate compared to strontium aluminum polyphosphate. Film formation on the surface of steel samples was confirmed for both pigments through surface analysis. However, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the composition and morphology of the precipitated layers were different for the two types of pigments.     

Vibration suppression in ultrasonic machining described by non-linear differential equations

Vibrations are usually undesired phenomena as they may cause damage or destruction of the system. However, sometimes they are desirable, as in ultrasonic machining (USM). In such case, the problem is a complicated one, as it is required to reduce the vibration of the machine head and have reasonable amplitude for the tool. In the present work, the coupling of two non-linear oscillators of the tool holder and tool representing ultrasonic cutting process is investigated. This leads to a two-degree-of-freedom system subjected to multi-external excitation force. The aim of this work is to control the tool holder behavior at simultaneous primary and internal resonance condition and have high amplitude for the tool. Multiple scale perturbation method is applied to obtain a solution up to the second order approximations. Other different resonance cases are reported and studied numerically. The stability of the system is investigated applying both phase-plane and frequency response techniques. The effects of the different parameters of the tool on the system behavior are studied numerically. Comparison with the available published work is reported. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Eung-Soo Shin M. M. Kamel received his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Ain Shams University, EGYPT, in 1979. He then received his M.S.c degrees from Ain Shams University, in 1986 and Ph.D. degrees from Menofia University, in 1994. Dr. M. M. Kamel is currently an Associate Professor of Mathematics at the Department of Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menofia University, Egypt. Dr. M. M. Kamel research interests include Differential equations, Numerical Analysis, and Vibration control. W. A. A. El-Ganini received her B.S. degree in Mathematics from Ain Shams University, EGYPT, in 1980. She then received her M.S.c and Ph.D. degrees from Suez Canal University, in 1984 and 1989, respectively. Dr. W. A. A. El-Ganini is currently an Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the Department of Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menofia University, Egypt. Dr. W. A. A. El-Ganaini research interests include Differential equations, Numerical Analysis, and Vibration control. Y. S. Hamed received his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Menofia University, EGYPT, in 1998. He then received his M.S.c and Ph.D. degrees from Menofia University, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. Dr. Y. S. Hamed is currently an Assistant Professor of Pure Mathematics at the Department of Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menofia University, Egypt. Dr. Y. S. Hamed research interests include Differential equations, Numerical Analysis, and Vibration control.     

Some effects of dressing on grinding performance

This paper presents a review of dressing from the work of Pahlitzsch in 1953 up to the present day and concentrates on the single-point diamond dressing of vitreous bonded wheels. Particular emphasis is made of the role of dressing on cutting forces, specific energy, wheel wear and the surface finish of the workpiece. The extent to which an optimum wheel condition is a compromise is discussed together with the practical methods of achieving and monitoring such a condition.     

Rules for Optimal Operation of Reservoir-River-Groundwater Systems Considering Water Quality Targets: Application of M5P Model

The aim of this paper is to develop rules for optimal reservoir operation and water withdrawal from river and aquifer considering water supply and pollution control targets. The general approach is making use of an integrated water quantity-quality management (IWQM) modeling in conjunction with accurate data mining techniques. The IWQM model generates data, including; optimal releases and water withdrawal from river and aquifer for different conditions, and M5P and Support Vector Regression (SVR) data mining models utilize the results of the IWQM model for the derivation of rules. The IWQM model minimizes the deviation from water supply and water quality targets during the planning horizon. This method for derivation of operating rules is applied to a real world case study, Zayandehrood system, in Iran, with serious water supply and water pollution problems. The IWQM model is analyzed for different hydrologic and water demands scenarios with total dissolved solids (TDS) as the water quality indicator. Results show that an integrated approach to reservoir-river-aquifer operation in the study area can reduce the TDS by 43 % in the downstream river.     

Subset Modeling Basis ANFIS for Prediction of the Reference Evapotranspiration

The study investigates accuracy of a new modeling scheme, subset adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (subset ANFIS), in estimating the daily reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). Daily weather data of relative humidity, solar radiation, air temperature, and wind speed from three stations in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey were utilized as input to the applied models. The input data set for modeling the ET₀ was divided to several subsets to calibrate the local data using a local modeling-based ANFIS. The estimates obtained from subset ANFIS models were compared with those of the M5 model tree (M5Tree), ANFIS models and ANN. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and model efficiency factor criteria were applied for analysis of models. The accuracy of M5Tree (from 15.3% to 32.5% in RMSE, from 14.4% to 24.2% in MAE), ANN (from 24.3% to 65.3% in RMSE, from 34.1% to 47% in MAE) and ANFIS (from 17.4% to 35.4% in RMSE, from 10.8% to 28.3% in MAE) models was significantly increased using subset ANFIS for estimating da ily ET_0.