Potential use of olive mill wastewater in the preparation of functional beverages: A review

The biological activities of phenolic compounds from olive mill wastewater (OMW) have extensively been studied, and shown a spectrum of highly interesting bioactivities. These properties demonstrate the potential of OMW extract for inclusion into food and beverages. This contribution provides an overview of key research describing the phenolic profile of OMW associated with health promoting activities including the impact of processing and storage on its composition, safety and the bioavailability. The potential application of OMW for the preparation of functional beverages and the impact of beverage formulation factors on bioavailability of OMW phenolics are discussed. Based on the available studies, phenolic compounds of OMW are highly bioavailable and safe. Owing to the numerous reported biological activities of OMW, the inclusion of OMW phenolic extract in beverage preparations may have a significant impact on the health of population through the reduction in incidence of cardiovascular and chronic degenerative diseases.     

Wave Propagation Model in a Human Long Poroelastic Bone under Effect of Magnetic Field and Rotation

This article is aimed at describing the way rotation and magnetic field affect the propagation of waves in an infinite poroelastic cylindrical bone. It offers a solution with an exact closed form. The authors got and examined numerically the general frequency equation for poroelastic bone. Moreover, they calculated the frequencies of poroelastic bone for different values of the magnetic field and rotation. Unlike the results of previous studies, the authors noticed little frequency dispersion in the wet bone. The proposed model will be applicable to wide-range parametric projects of bone mechanical response. Examining the vibration of surface waves in rotating cylindrical, long human bones under the magnetic field can have an impact. The findings of the study are offered in graphs. Then, a comparison with the results of the literature is conducted to show the effect of rotation and magnetic field on the wave propagation phenomenon. It is worth noting that the results of the study highly match those of the literature.     

Speeded up robust features for efficient iris recognition

Iris recognition system is one of the biometric systems in which the development is growing rapidly. In this paper, speeded up robust features (SURFs) are used for detecting and describing iris keypoints. For feature matching, simple fusion rules are applied at different levels. Contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is applied on the normalized image and is compared with histogram equalization (HE) and adaptive histogram equalization (AHE). The aim is to find the best enhancement technique with SURF and to verify the necessity of iris image enhancement. The recognition accuracy in each case is calculated. Experimental results demonstrate that CLAHE is a crucial enhancement step for SURF-based iris recognition. More keypoints can be extracted with enhancement using CLAHE compared to HE and AHE. This alleviates the problem of feature loss and increases the recognition accuracy. The accuracies of recognition using left and right iris images are 99 and 99.5 %, respectively. Fusion of local distances and choosing suitable fusion rules affect the recognition accuracy, noticeably. The proposed SURF-based algorithm is compared with scale-invariant feature transform, histogram of oriented gradients, maximally stable extremal regions and DAISY. Results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to different image variations and gives the highest recognition accuracy.     

The flavour of plums (Prunus domestica L.). An examination of the aroma components of plum juice from the cultivar victoria

Vacuum steam distillation followed by solvent extraction, chemical separation and examination of the final extract by gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, enabled 73 volatile components to be identified in juices prepared from plums of the cultivar Victoria. Of these, odour evaluation of the gas chromato-graphic exit as the components were being separated, indicated that benzaldehyde, linalool, ethyl nonanoate, methyl cinnamate and γ-decalactone contribute to ?plum’? aroma. Milling the plums, as opposed to merely removing the stones prior to enzyming and expressing the juice, increased the concentrations of hexanol and cis 3-hexenol and also produced hexanal and trans 2-hexenal, these four components giving rise to the characteristic ?green’? aroma of juice prepared in this way.     

The effect of computational processing of temperature- and concentration-dependent parameters on non-Newtonian fluid MHD: Applications of numerical methods

This investigation aims to introduce a new solution with aid of numerical methods to the blood flow of Carreau–Yasuda fluid through a microvessel. Swimming of gyrotactic microorganisms with nanoparticles is considered. A resulting system of partial differential equations is simplified by the meaning of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. This system of partial differential equations was formulated and transformed mathematically using new theories of differential transform method. Variable nonndimensional physical parameters effects, such as numbers of bioconvection Peclet and bioconvection Rayleigh, and so forth on velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution as well as oxytactic microorganism and oxygen concentration profiles are studied. All results are constructed in two cases of viscosity on the same figure, one of them in the case of variable parameters and the other in constant parameters. The existing study assured that the microorganism density in the direction near to the hypoxic tumor tissues regions grows with a rise in oxygen concentrations and the blood viscosity diminutions.     

The flavour components of plums: An examination of the aroma components present in the headspace above four cultivars of intact plums,marjorie's seedling,merton gem,NA 10 and victoria

Qualitative and quantitative examination of the aromas above four cultivars of intact plums, using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gave information on 33 components of which linalool, benzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate and y-decalactone were present in regions of the chromatogram associated with plum-like aromas. Comparison of the analytical data with the scoring of plum-like character by sensory means showed that the percentage concentration of these compounds only related approximately to the sensory scores, whereas the percentage of hexanol, the major component present in the extracts, was inversely related.     

Solution thermodynamic study of several hydrocarbons in γ-butyrolactone and ethylene glycol mixtures by GLC

The gas—liquid chromatographic technique was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of solutions at infinite dilution for binary and ternary systems of five normal paraffins (C₅–-C₉), cyclohexane, benzene and toluene with γ-butyrolactone and ethylene glycol mixtures. A combination solvent of 50 mol % of γ-butyrolactone and ethylene glycol was shown to have the highest selectivity towards aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Factors affecting the solubility of gypsum. The effect of lime and temperature in different media

The effect of lime on the solubility of gypsum in water and in sodium hydroxide solution at 30, 60 and 100°C has been studied turbidimetrically and by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Lime depressed the solubility of gypsum in water only slightly at 30°C and a rise of temperature minimised its effect until its complete elimination. In the absence of alkali the minimum sulphate ion concentration in a supersaturated lime solution and at temperatures in the range 30–100°C is about 1.2gdm⁻³. In sodium hydroxide solution neither lime nor temperature played a significant role and the solubility of gypsum was clearly promoted. At temperatures in the range 30–100°C, 0.5g of gypsum dissolved in 100cm³ of 0.2MNaOH solution.     

An Efficient Source–Channel Coding for Wireless Image Transmission Over Underwater Acoustic Channel

In this paper, a complete system for image transmission in harsh underwater environment is proposed. The key to increase the performance of the system is the use of an efficient image compression algorithm with a bandwidth-efficient modulation technique. The wavelet packet (WP) decomposition is used to get the best image representation and the set partitioning in hierarchical trees is applied on the WP coefficients. The parental conflicts are resolved, the parent–child relationships are adapted and thus the similarities between cross-subbands are preserved. Reed–Solomon is used for forward error correction to combat with the errors in wireless transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with differential quadrature phase shift keying is used to transmit the generated bit stream. Effective image quality metrics are used for objective evaluation. Results show that the proposed system manages to transmit images over the limited bandwidth, and to effectively minimize the perceptual degradation.