Cluster‐based data dissemination,cluster head formation under sparse,and dense traffic conditions for vehicular ad hoc networks

Information and communication technologies have changed the way of operations in all fields. These technologies also have adopted for wireless communication and provide low cost and convenient solutions. Vehicular ad hoc networks are envisioned with their special and unique intercommunication systems to provide safety in intelligent transportation systems and support large‐size networks. Due to dense and sparse traffic conditions, routing is always a challenging task to establish reliable and effective communication among vehicle nodes in the highly transportable environment. Several types of routing protocols have been proposed to handle high mobility and dynamic topologies including topology‐based routing, position and geocast routing, and cluster‐based routing protocols. Cluster‐based routing is one of the feasible solutions for vehicular networks due to its manageable and more viable nature. In cluster‐based protocols, the network is divided into many clusters and each cluster selects a cluster head for data dissemination. In this study, we investigate the current routing challenges and trend of cluster‐based routing protocols. In addition, we also proposed a Cluster‐based Routing for Sparse and Dense Networks to handle dynamic topologies, the high‐mobility of vehicle nodes. Simulation results show a significant performance improvement of the proposed protocol.     

An explicit and novel structure,lattice dynamics,and photoemission of La-doped nanocrystalline SrZrO3 perovskite

As no complete and comprehensive studies have been previously reported for La-doped nanocrystalline SrZrO3(SZO),we researched herein a detailed investiga-tion f...     

Second-order hyperpolarizability and nonlinear optical properties of novel organic compound-doped poly (O-methoxyaniline) polymer film

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The structural characterization of a new organic compound (3, 5-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-Pyrazole) was analyzed experimentally by...     

Cover Image,Volume 100, Issue 11

The cover image is based on the Research Article The Israeli Palestinian wheat landraces collection: restoration and characterization of lost genetic diversity by Sivan Frankin et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9822 .

     

Studies on coatings containing nano-zinc oxide for steel protection

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The resulting NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the coatings has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images show a uniform and homogeneous distribution of ZnO-NPs in polyurethane (PU) coatings while aggregates appear in epoxy coatings. Using tensile stress–strain test, the effect of the addition of ZnO-NPs on the mechanical properties of PU and epoxy coatings was examined. The addition of ZnO-NPs has enhanced the Young's modulus and the tensile strength of PU and epoxy coatings. Through the open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, the anticorrosive properties of PU- or epoxy-coated mild steel panels containing ZnO-NPs have been investigated in 0.5 M NaCl solution. Nyquist impedance plots for PU and epoxy coatings in PU- or epoxy-coated mild steel panels containing ZnO-NPs were tested in the absence and presence of ZnO-NPs have different responses. It has been shown that the dispersion of ZnO-NPs significantly improves the anticorrosive performance of PU coatings. A PU coating containing 700 mg/kg ZnO-NPs is recommended to achieve better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.     

Enhancement of Photostabilization of Poly(vinyl chloride) Doped with Sulfadiazine Tin Complexes

New sulfadiazine tin complexes were synthesized in 67–80% yields from the reaction of sulfadiazine, and different organotin(IV) chlorides and their structures were established. The synthesized complexes were used as additives at a low concentration (0.5% by weight) to enhance poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) photostability. The PVC samples containing sulfadiazine tin complexes (thickness = 40 μm) were fabricated and irradiated with ultraviolet light at room temperature for 300 h. The changes that occurred within the PVC samples upon irradiation were investigated by inspecting the loss in weight, reduction in the average molecular weight, formation of small degradation fragments containing polyene, carbonyl, and hydroxyl moieties, and changes in the ultraviolet absorption intensity of polymeric materials. The surface morphology of irradiated PVC samples was investigated using optical, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopies. There were lesser changes within the PVC samples with sulfadiazine tin complexes compared to the blank PVC sample. The dimethyltin(IV) complex was found to be the most efficient additive in stabilizing PVC against irradiation. The role played by the complexes in reducing the photodegradation of PVC was investigated, and a mechanism was proposed. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:370–379, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Low toxicity antisolvent synthesis of composition-tunable luminescent all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals have held great promise as incredibly effective luminescent materials and also have been synthesized efficiently by room temperature approaches. Toluene, a high toxicity solvent, is often used as a valid antisolvent in ligand-assisted reprecipitation strategy, which badly restricts the commercial application of this convenient method. Here, aiming to address the toluene toxicity issue, the low toxic tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is employed as a new alternative antisolvent to achieve high uniform and composition dependent luminescent all-inorganic perovskite Cs₄PbX₆ (X?=?I, Br, Cl) combined with CsPbX₃ (X?=?I, Br, Cl) nanocrystals with tunable emission large-span wavelengths (626–437?nm) and remarkably narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) monochromaticity (down to 19?nm). Meanwhile, the ratio of CsBr to PbBr₂ is proved to be a critical factor to control the crystalline phase of the resulting perovskite nanocrystals. Additionally, one monochromatic light-emitting diode (LED) lamp with brightly pure green emission is fabricated based on bromine-based perovskite nanocrystals. This newly developed low toxicity antisolvent synthesis (LTaS) is suitable candidate for commercial production in an environmentally-friendly way, and the as-obtained perovskite materials with superior optical merits will be brought to the forefront of lighting and displays.     

Green computing for wireless sensor networks: Optimization and Huffman coding approach

Lifetime maximization has witnessed continuous attention from academia as well as industries right from the inception of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recently, mobile sink, trajectory based forwarding and energy supply based node selection have been suggested in literature for optimizing residual energy of nodes. In the most of these approaches, energy consumption has been minimized focusing on the optimization of one particular parameter. The consideration of impact of more than one parameters on energy consumption is lacking in literature. In this context, this paper proposes Huffman coding and Ant Colony Optimization based Lifetime Maximization (HA-LM) technique for randomly distributed WSNs. In particular, ACO based multiple paths exploration and Huffman based optimal path selection consider the impact of two network parameters on energy consumption. The parameters include path length in terms of hop count and residual energy in terms of load of nodes of the path and the least energy node. The construction of multiple paths from source to the sink is mathematically derived based on the concept of two types of ants; namely, Advancing Ant (A-ANT) and Regressive Ant (R-ANT) in ACO. The optimal path is identified from the available multiple paths using Huffman coding. Analytical and simulation results of HA-LM are comparatively evaluated with the state-of-the-art techniques considering four performance metrics; namely, average residual energy, energy consumption, number of alive sensors and standard deviation of energy. The comparative performance evaluation attests the superiority of the proposed technique to the state-of-the-art techniques.