橡胶含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

采用聚丁二烯接枝苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(PB-g-SAN)与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)熔融共混,制备了一系列丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚树脂(ABS),考察了橡胶含量对该ABS树脂物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着橡胶含量的增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、熔体流动速率、热变形温度、密度和硬度均有所降低,而缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率提高。因此可通过调节橡胶含量来制备具有不同物理力学性能的ABS树脂,以满足不同的应用需要。     

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) Workshop 2016: Scientific Opportunities and Logistics for Cancer Clinical Trial Incorporation

Despite the identification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as potential blood-based biomarkers capable of providing prognostic and predictive information in cancer, they have not been incorporated into routine clinical practice. This resistance is due in part to technological limitations hampering CTC and cfDNA analysis, as well as a limited understanding of precisely how to interpret emergent biomarkers across various disease stages and tumor types. In recognition of these challenges, a group of researchers and clinicians focused on blood-based biomarker development met at the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) Spring Meeting in Toronto, Canada on 29 April 2016 for a workshop discussing novel CTC/cfDNA technologies, interpretation of data obtained from CTCs versus cfDNA, challenges regarding disease evolution and heterogeneity, and logistical considerations for incorporation of CTCs/cfDNA into clinical trials, and ultimately into routine clinical use. The objectives of this workshop included discussion of the current barriers to clinical implementation and recent progress made in the field, as well as fueling meaningful collaborations and partnerships between researchers and clinicians. We anticipate that the considerations highlighted at this workshop will lead to advances in both basic and translational research and will ultimately impact patient management strategies and patient outcomes.     

Strength Evaluation of Piezoelectric Ceramics under Transient Thermal Environments

The strength of piezoelectric ceramics is analyzed for a plate suddenly exposed to an environmental medium of different temperatures. The admissible temperature jump the material can sustain is studied using the stress- and fracture-toughness-based failure criteria. The critical parameters governing the level of the transient thermal stress in piezoelectric ceramics are identified. Solutions are obtained for the maximum thermal shock that the plate can sustain without failure, under the conditions that (i) maximum local tensile stress equals the tensile strength of the ceramic, and (ii) maximum stress intensity factor for representative pre-existing cracks equals the fracture toughness of the ceramic.     

凹凸棒土对常规净水工艺下水中有机物的吸附研究

研究了凹凸棒土预处理吸附强化混凝工艺对水中有机物的去除效果。试验证实凹凸棒土能起到吸附助凝作用,提升混凝沉淀工艺对水中有机物的去除率,TOC去除率可达45%左右,比水厂传统常规工艺的TOC去除率提高28.5%。凹凸棒土作为吸附剂,可应用于常规净水工艺的预处理工艺,增强净水工艺的去除有机物能力。     

吡啶系列原料国内市场分析

吡啶的生产方法有两种:一是从煤焦油中提取;二是从氨和甲醛、乙醛的合成过程中获得。我国一直采用前者生产,产量为200-300t/a,市场需求主要依靠进口,进口量最大的是比利时Reilly公司,1999年为2000多吨,占全国总消耗量的45％。2000年底,该公司与中国南通醋酸化工厂合作建立了1.1万t/a的吡啶系列产品生产厂,其中纯吡啶生产能力8000t/a、甲基吡啶3000t/a,填补了国内合成吡啶的空白。随着国内应用技术的发展,现已有多种用吡啶原料生产的产品打入国际市场。     

Design of S‐Allylcysteine in Situ Production and Incorporation Based on a Novel Pyrrolysyl‐tRNA Synthetase Variant

The noncanonical amino acid S‐allyl cysteine (Sac) is one of the major compounds of garlic extract and exhibits a range of biological activities. It is also a small bioorthogonal alkene tag capable of undergoing controlled chemical modifications, such as photoinduced thiol‐ene coupling or Pd‐mediated deprotection. Its small size guarantees minimal interference with protein structure and function. Here, we report a simple protocol efficiently to couple in‐situ semisynthetic biosynthesis of Sac and its incorporation into proteins in response to amber (UAG) stop codons. We exploited the exceptional malleability of pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and evolved an S‐allylcysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase (SacRS) capable of specifically accepting the small, polar amino acid instead of its long and bulky aliphatic natural substrate. We succeeded in generating a novel and inexpensive strategy for the incorporation of a functionally versatile amino acid. This will help in the conversion of orthogonal translation from a standard technique in academic research to industrial biotechnology.     

零价铁和生物填料强化洁霉素废水水解酸化的研究

考察了零价铁和生物填料的投加对洁霉素废水水解酸化处理效果的强化作用,试验在3个平行的反应器中进行:投加零价铁的反应器(R1)、投加生物填料的反应器(R2)以及普通反应器(R0)。结果表明:在稳定运行时期,R1和R2的COD去除率、酸化率和出水B/C均明显高于R0。零价铁和生物填料的投加都对水解酸化起到了强化作用,提高了废水的可生化性,同时也都提高了反应器抗水质冲击负荷的能力。     

广东某城镇污水厂的能耗分析评价及节能途径探讨

污水处理行业属于能耗密集型行业,开展能耗分析评价和降低污水厂能耗,从而降低污水处理运行成本是大多数污水处理厂在运行过程中最为关注的问题之一。本文以比能耗分析法为基础,利用单位水量电耗和单位耗氧污染物削减量电耗作为评价指标,对该污水厂开展能耗评价。结果表明该厂年均单位水量能耗为288.98 kw·h/km~3,年均单位耗氧污染物削减量能耗为4 kw·h/kg,接近或高于广东省同类型污水处理厂的能耗标准上限,这说明污水处理厂存在节能降耗的空间。通过对动力系统和曝气系统的分析发现,该厂的水泵和风机在选型上并未考虑负荷较低的情况,从而导致了能耗偏高,利用大小泵或者大小风机根据运行负荷进行阶梯型搭配,可以降低污水厂能耗。