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61.
Objective
This study aimed to identify subtypes of young moped drivers and analyze how these subtypes are involved in risk preferences and road crashes.Design
A group of Austrian teenage moped drivers (213, 28% girls) completed an online questionnaire about moped usage, injuries, driving style, inattention, impulsivity, and personality according to the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Cloninger's model of personality.Results
A cluster analysis yielded four types of moped drivers. One type was characterized by a high level of neuroticism, the second type was characterized by a risky personality and a risky driving style, the third type had a more cautious driving style, and the fourth type was characterized by a risky personality and high levels on inattention and impulsivity.Conclusions
Our conclusions suggest that young moped drivers should not be perceived as a homogenous group, according to measures of injury prevention and intervention. 相似文献62.
A. Stadler H.-J. Schimper U. BrendelD. Topa A. Basch H. Dittrich 《Thin solid films》2011,519(22):7951-7958
Exact, contact-free and non-destructive, optical analysis of semiconducting layers, are advantageous for thin film solar cell applications. A non-numerical theoretical model has been developed to extract approximation-free optical and electrical data from UV/Vis/NIR spectra. Special focus has been set on single layers; an adequate single-layer model is provided. Complex parameter evaluation is possible.This exact data acquisition model provides deeper insights in the process-parameter dependencies of pulsed direct current and radio frequency sputtered, opaque tin-sulphide thin films upon glass substrates. They have been analysed with respect to space-time dependencies of the sputter process. Therefore, sputter-depositions have been examined, referring to positions upon the substrate, r, target-substrate distances, dTarSub, and sputter durations, tSp. Theoretical sputter-concepts were proved and enhanced. Results were compared with those of the well-known Keradec/Swanepoel model. The necessity of taking both spectra—transmission and reflection spectra—into account has been shown.A non-contact, optical conductivity measurement possibility by use of UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy has been provided. Optically evaluated conductivities, σL, were compared with electrically taken values, by use of a four-tip measurement system. 相似文献
63.
64.
P. Stadler 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1927,53(5):340-341
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
65.
66.
This paper introduces a new method for combining different object models. By determining a configuration of the models, which maximizes their mutual information, the proposed method creates a unified hypothesis from multiple object models on the fly without prior training. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted in which human faces are detected and localized in images by combining different face models. 相似文献
67.
Automatic detection of conserved RNA structure elements in complete RNA virus genomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
IL Hofacker M Fekete C Flamm MA Huynen S Rauscher PE Stolorz PF Stadler 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,26(16):3825-3836
We propose a new method for detecting conserved RNA secondary structures in a family of related RNA sequences. Our method is based on a combination of thermodynamic structure prediction and phylogenetic comparison. In contrast to purely phylogenetic methods, our algorithm can be used for small data sets of approximately 10 sequences, efficiently exploiting the information contained in the sequence variability. The procedure constructs a prediction only for those parts of sequences that are consistent with a single conserved structure. Our implementation produces reasonable consensus structures without user interference. As an example we have analysed the complete HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes as well as the small segment of hantavirus. Our method confirms the known structures in HIV-1 and predicts previously unknown conserved RNA secondary structures in HCV. 相似文献
68.
W Stadler X Guggenmos P Egger H Gieser C Musshoff 《Microelectronics Reliability》1998,38(11):1773-1780
Two different technologies serve as examples that the degree of correlation between ESD-failure currents obtained by transmission-line pulsing (TLP) and human body model (HBM) is a matter of the technology under investigation. Stressing a device with HBM or TLP can lead to different failure modes and, as a consequence, to a miscorrelation between the two test methods. Optimising a technology or a protection device only by means of TLP can easily lead to false conclusions. 相似文献
69.
Summary 4-Vinylphthalic anhydride can be prepared from phthalic acid via bromination and subsequent olefination (Heck-reaction). Homo- and copolymerization with styrene was accomplished using AIBN as initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined by infrared-spectroscopy. The copolymerization parameters are rs=0,15 and rVPA=3,09, the corresponding Q, e values of 4-vinylphthalic anhydride are estimated as Q=3,34 and e=0.09.Despite the fact that the molecular weights were rather low as a consequence of the reaction contions, the glass transition temperatures rise with increasing VPA content. The homopolymer has a glass transition temperature in the order of 226°C.The polymerization behaviour of 4-vinylphthalic anhydride, part 1 相似文献
70.
Hans-Joachim Klimsch Lorenz Stadler und Sigurd Brahm 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1976,162(2):131-138
Zusammenfassung Aus dem Rauch verschiedener Zigaretten werden die flüchtigen Nitrosamine durch mehrfache Clean-up-Verfahren angereichert und die nach einer säurekatalysierten Denitrosierung erhaltenen Amine zu fluorescierenden Derivaten des 7-chlor-4-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) umgesetzt. Diese auf Polyamidfolien getrennten NBP-Amine werden fluorimetrisch mit einem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer quantitativ bestimmt. Es ergeben sich Wiederfindungsraten von 60–80% für die verschiedenen Nitrosamineaus Zigarettenrauchkondensat. Quantitativbestimmt wurden die Nitrosamine N-Nitrosodimethylamin, N-Nitrosodiäthylamin, N-Nitrosopiperidin, N-Nitrosopyrrolidin, N-Nitrosoäthylmethylamin, N-Nitroso-äthyl-n-propylamin und N-Nitroso-methyl-n-propylamin, wobei das letztgenannte Nitrosamin erstmals im Zigarettenrauch nachgewiesen wurde. Gleischzeitig wurden Korrelationen des Nitrosamingehaltes zum Gehalt des jewelligen Tabaks bzw. Kondensates an Nitrat, Gesamtstickstoff, Nicotin, flüchtigen Basen und Ammoniak untersucht, wobei sowohl der Nitratgehalt als auch der Gehalt an flüchtigen Basen Einfluß auf die Nitrosaminausbeute haben. Je nach Tabakprovenienz variiert der Gehalt der einzelnen Nitrosamine beträchtli, so daß als Kennzahl eine NNO-Bestimmung empfohlen wird.
Das Forschungsinstitut der Cigarettenindustrie e. V. wurde geschlossen 相似文献
Quantitative determination of volatile nitrosamines in cigarette smoke
Summary Volatile nitrosamines from the smoke of different cigarettes were enriched by manifold clean-up procedures. Amines obtained after acid catalyzed denitrosation were transformed to fluorescent derivates of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofuranzane (NBD-Cl). These NBD-amines separated on polyamid sheets were fluorimetrically determined with a chromatogram-spectrophotometer. Recovery rates of 60–80% were found for the different nitrosamines in cigarette smoke condensate. The following nitrosamines were quantitatively determined: N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosoethylmethylamine, N-nitroso-ethyln-propylamine and N-nitroso-methyl-n-propylamine. The last mentioned nitrosamine was proved for the first time in cigarette smoke. At the same time correlations between the nitrosamine content of the corresponding tobacco or condensate and the content of nitrate, total nitrogen, nicotine, volatile bases and ammonia were investigated. The nitrate content as well as the content of volatile bases showed an influence on the nitrosamine yield. The content of the different nitrosamines varied cosiderably depending on tobacco origin, so that a NNO-determination is recommended as index.
Das Forschungsinstitut der Cigarettenindustrie e. V. wurde geschlossen 相似文献