不同鸡龄鸡血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活力的比较研究

实验从发育的角度出发,探讨了血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶的含量、活力与家禽个体发育之间的关系。选取不同年龄阶段黄羽鸡,将其血清作为乙酰胆碱酯酶的酶源,分别对粗酶以及透析后的酶液进行蛋白质含量、酶活力和比活力的测定。实验结果表明,不同发育阶段鸡的鸡血中乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活力是有差异的,5个月大的黄羽鸡的血液中蛋白质含量(纯化后)、乙酰胆碱酯酶酶活力和比活力最高。这也为乙酰胆碱酯酶从低廉易得的鸡血原料中进行提取研究提供了参考。      

涂膜处理和酸处理对提高双孢蘑菇储藏稳定性的研究

为了提高双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)的储藏稳定性,本研究分别采用了三种不同的方法对双孢蘑菇进行处理,它们分别是:酸处理、涂膜处理和酸与涂膜相结合的处理,然后分别测定了储藏过程中的失重率、硬度、色泽变化、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力和过氧化物酶活力(POD),探讨了不同处理方法对双孢蘑菇储藏稳定性的影响。结果表明:酸与涂膜相结合的处理方式具有最优的效果,它能弥补酸处理和涂膜处理各自的不足之处,既能降低失重率,保持硬度,又能抑制酶活,更好地保持双孢蘑菇的色泽。      

碳酸盐岩油藏提高注气效率方法技术研究

塔河油田奥陶系油藏为典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏。随着注水效果逐渐变差,有必要探寻碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开采的新方法,其中注气开采是有效手段之一。以提高碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注气效率方法为研究目的,通过对比溢出口距离、注气时机、注气速度和注气作业的气水比,提出了提高碳酸盐岩强能量油藏注气效率的方法。     

强相干干扰下微弱信号波达方向估计

针对强相干干扰环境影响微弱信号的波达方向(Direction Of Arrival, DOA)问题,提出了一种均匀线阵下的微弱信号DOA估计算法.精确估计强干扰源的个数和入射方向,将阵列划分成两个虚拟子阵,利用微弱信号的参考入射方向,在子阵上进行波束形成来抑制干扰并提高待估计信号的信干噪比,使用比相单脉冲进行DOA估计,同时对子阵波束形成和DOA估计进行迭代运算以提高微弱信号的DOA估计精度.该方法提高了阵列对抗相干干扰的能力,同时对微弱信号的DOA进行有效的估计.理论分析和计算机仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和有效性.     

远东拟沙丁鱼蛋白多肽(Sardinops sagaxp olypeptide)的制备及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

以远东拟沙丁鱼为原料,采用动物蛋白水解酶和风味酶联合水解,通过膜分离等工序制备远东拟沙丁鱼蛋白多肽(Sardinops sagax Polypeptide/SSP),测定其分子量的分布,以生化水平上对酪氨酸酶的抑制率、细胞水平上对小鼠B16细胞中酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素含量的抑制率为检测指标,研究SSP对酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成的影响。结果显示:SSP的重均分子量为1664 u,其分子量区间主要为500~3000 u;无论是在生化水平还是细胞水平上,SSP对酪氨酸酶都具有一定的抑制作用,且SSP还能在一定程度上抑制细胞中黑色素的合成,这一结果表明了SSP具有一定的美白功能,有望作为无毒副作用的天然酪氨酸酶抑制剂,在医药、食品、化妆品等行业具有广泛的应用前景。      

丁香和青花椒精油在酱卤鸭肉保鲜中的应用

以酱卤鸭肉为研究对象,将丁香精油和青花椒油应用于热封包装的酱卤鸭肉保鲜,研究酱卤鸭肉在4℃冷藏过程中的感官品质、理化品质和微生物品质的变化。结果表明:采用丁香精油(0.05 g/kg)和青花椒油(0.1 g/kg)对酱卤鸭肉进行二次拌料,在不影响产品风味和质地的情况下,与空白组相比,在贮藏过程中,添加组的挥发性盐基氮(TVBN值)明显低于空白组,前期的2~6 d,添加组对脂肪氧化有一定的抑制效果,酱卤鸭肉保质期由10 d延长至12 d。丁香精油与青花椒油对酱卤鸭肉的保鲜具有抗氧化和抑菌作用。      

Circ_0011129 Encapsulated by the Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Stem Cells Ameliorate Skin Photoaging

Photoaging is not only the main cause of skin aging caused by exogenous factors, it is also related to a variety of skin diseases and even malignant tumors. Excessive and repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation, especially UVA induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and collagen and elastin degeneration, ultimately leads to skin photoaging, manifested by skin redness, coarse wrinkles, and pigmentation even skin cancer. There has been a large demand of effective prevention and medications but approaches in the current management of photoaging are very limited. In the previous study, we found that a non-coding circular RNA circ_0011129 acts as a miR-6732-5p adsorption sponge to inhibit the reduction of type I collagen and the denaturation and accumulation of elastin in UVA-induced HDF cells photoaging model. However, in vivo instability and efficient delivery to the target cell of circRNA is a major challenge for its clinical application. Therefore, improving its stability and delivery efficiency are desired. In this study, we proposed a strategy of delivering circ_0011129 with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to intervene in the photoaging process. The results showed that sEVs from hADSCs in 3D bioreactor culture (3D-sEVs) can prevent photoaging. Consequently, by overexpressing circ_0011129 in hADSCs, we successfully loaded it into 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) and its protective effect was better. Our studies provide a novel approach to preventing skin photoaging, which has important clinical significance and application value for the development of non-coding RNA drugs to treat skin photoaging. We first screened out hADSCs-derived sEVs with excellent anti-oxidant effects. We then compared the sEVs collected from traditional 2D culture with 3D bioreactor culture. By miRNA-seq and GEO data analysis, we found that miRNAs in 3D-sEVs were enriched in cell activities related to apoptosis, cellular senescence, and inflammation. Subsequently, we prepared circ_0011129-loaded 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) by overexpressing it in hADSCs for the treatment of photoaging in vitro. We proved that 3D-circ-sEVs can interfere with the process of cell photoaging and protect cells from UVA radiation damage, as well as in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model.     

Lactoferrin Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice through Reducing Dendritic-Cell-Derived Th2 Cell Responses

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with symptoms such as expiratory airflow narrowing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Millions of people suffer from asthma and are at risk of life-threatening conditions. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with multiple physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. LF has been shown to function in immunoregulatory activities in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of LF in AHR and the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and Th2-related responses in asthma. Twenty 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into normal control (NC), ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, and OVA-sensitized with low dose of LF (100 mg/kg) or high dose of LF (300 mg/kg) treatment groups. The mice were challenged by intranasal instillation with 5% OVA on the 21st to 27th day after the start of the sensitization period. The AHR, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pulmonary histology of each mouse were measured. Serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 and OVA-specific splenocyte responses were further detected. The results showed that LF exhibited protective effects in ameliorating AHR, as well as lung inflammation and damage, in reducing the expression of Th2 cytokines and the secretion of allergen-specific antibodies, in influencing the functions of DCs, and in decreasing the level of Th2 immune responses in a BALB/c mouse model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. Importantly, we demonstrated that LF has practical application in reducing DC-induced Th2 cell responses in asthma. In conclusion, LF exhibits anti-inflammation and immunoregulation activities in OVA-induced allergic asthma. These results suggest that LF may act as a supplement to prevent asthma-induced lung injury and provide an additional agent for reducing asthma severity.     

TRPV4 Promotes Metastasis in Melanoma by Regulating Cell Motility through Cytoskeletal Rearrangement

The abnormal expression of Transient Receptor Potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) is closely related to the progression of multiple tumors. In addition, TRPV4 is increasingly being considered a potential target for cancer therapy, especially in tumor metastasis prevention. However, the biological correlation between TRPV4 and tumor metastasis, as well as the specific role of TRPV4 in malignant melanoma metastasis, is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of TRPV4 in melanoma metastasis through experiments and clinical data analysis, and the underlying anticancer mechanism of Baicalin, a natural compound, and its inhibitory effect on TRPV4 with in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our findings suggested that TRPV4 promotes metastasis in melanoma by regulating cell motility via rearranging the cytoskeletal, and Baicalin can inhibit cancer metastasis, whose mechanisms reverse the recruitment of activated cofilin to leading-edge protrusion and the increasing phosphorylation level of cortactin, which is provoked by TRPV4 activation.     

Transgenerationally Transmitted DNA Demethylation of a Spontaneous Epialleles Using CRISPR/dCas9-TET1cd Targeted Epigenetic Editing in Arabidopsis

CRISPR/dCas9 is an important DNA modification tool in which a disarmed Cas9 protein with no nuclease activity is fused with a specific DNA modifying enzyme. A previous study reported that overexpression of the TET1 catalytic domain (TET1cd) reduces genome-wide methylation in Arabidopsis. A spontaneous naturally occurring methylation region (NMR19-4) was identified in the promoter region of the PPH (Pheophytin Pheophorbide Hydrolase) gene, which encodes an enzyme that can degrade chlorophyll and accelerate leaf senescence. The methylation status of NMR19-4 is associated with PPH expression and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural accessions. In this study, we show that the CRISPR/dCas9-TET1cd system can be used to target the methylation of hypermethylated NMR19-4 region to reduce the level of methylation, thereby increasing the expression of PPH and accelerating leaf senescence. Furthermore, hybridization between transgenic demethylated plants and hypermethylated ecotypes showed that the demethylation status of edited NMR19-4, along with the enhanced PPH expression and accelerated leaf senescence, showed Mendelian inheritance in F1 and F2 progeny, indicating that spontaneous epialleles are stably transmitted trans-generationally after demethylation editing. Our results provide a rational approach for future editing of spontaneously mutated epialleles and provide insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that control plant leaf senescence.