Pentaerythritol drying oils

Conclusion The use of pentaerythritol in the drying oil field has been very successful. It seems to be the consensus of opinion among the users that “the stuff is here to stay.” By using pentaerythritol instead of glycerol one may expect to obtain faster drying, quicker bodying, higher gloss, greater water resistance, better ageing characteristics, and harder and tougher films.     

Solubilities of the fatty acids in organic solvents at low temperatures

Summary A considerable series of pure fatty acids has been prepared and their solubilities have been determined at temperatures down to −70° in acetone, methanol and Skellysolve B. Solubility ratios have also been determined for oleic to palmitic acid and linoleic to oleic acid in a number of additional solvents at certain temperatures. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in the Graduate School.     

The effect of fat on the gastric responses to foods

Summary 1. In eight series of triplicate tests on persons in good health and with normal secretory responses who were fed test meals of foods cooked with fat, the day to day variations in gastric evacuation times ranged from 0 to 30 minutes with an average deviation from the mean of ±17 minutes. 2. Experiments with meals of foods in which moderate quantities of fats were incorporated intimately by either baking or frying according to good culinary procedure revealed no relationship between the fat contents of the foods and the times required for complete evacuation of the foods from the subjects’ stomachs. 3. The experiments indicated a parallelism between the protein contents of the test meals and the gastric evacuation times. 4. No significant differences were observed between the influences of a hydrogenated vegetable fat and of butter upon the rates of evacuation from the subjects’ stomachs of meals of potatoes in which these fats had been incorporated intimately by good culinary technic. Within the limits of error of the experimental procedure, French fried and Lyonnaise potatoes containing moderate amounts of fat were evacuated from the stomachs as rapidly as boiled potatoes. 5. Gastric emptying times for meals of doughnuts did not differ significantly from gastric evacuation times for meals of bread and butter supplying equivalent amounts of fat. 6. The addition to a test meal of glucose in water of either hydrogenated vegetable fat or butter fat in amounts equivalent to two-thirds the weight of the glucose retarded the evacuation of the glucose meal from the stomach. 7. Excess fat, added to potatoes by pan-frying in hydrogenated vegetable fat or butter to the extent of making the potatoes “greasy,” such as may occur in poor culinary practice, prolonged the emptying time of the stomach beyond the period for boiled potatoes. 8. An explanation has been suggested for this retardation of the emptying of the stomach effected both by digestible fats added to glucose solutions and by foods containing fats in excess of that which is incorporated intimately in these foods by good culinary methods. This paper was presented before the meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Chicago, Illinois, October 27, 1944. This work was supported by a grant from Lever Brothers Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts.     

Fully distributed robust synchronization of networked Lur’e systems with incremental nonlinearities

This paper deals with robust synchronization problems for uncertain dynamical networks of diffusively interconnected identical Lur’e systems subject to incrementally passive nonlinearities and incrementally sector bounded nonlinearities, respectively, in a fully distributed fashion. Whereas in stabilization of one single Lur’e system the conditions of passivity and sector boundedness for the uncertain nonlinear function in the negative feedback loop are commonly assumed, in our context of networked Lur’e systems we adopt the stronger assumptions of incremental passivity and incremental sector boundedness. Throughout this paper the interconnection topologies among these Lur’e agents are assumed to be undirected and connected. We design robustly synchronizing protocols and subsequently implement these protocols in a fully distributed way by means of an adaptive control law that adjusts the coupling weights between neighboring agents. Both for the cases of incrementally passive as well as incrementally sector bounded nonlinearities we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of fully distributed robustly synchronizing protocols. The state feedback matrices are computed by solving LMIs in terms of the matrices defining the individual agent dynamics. Numerical simulation examples illustrate our theoretical results.     

Purification and characterisation of relevant natural and recombinant apple allergens

Apple (Malus domestica) is the most widely cultivated fruit crop in Europe and frequently causes allergic reactions with a variable degree of severity. So far, four apple allergens Mal d 1, Mal d 2, Mal d 3 and Mal d 4 have been identified. Mal d 1, a Bet v 1 related allergen, and Mal d 4, apple profilin, are sensitive to proteolytic degradation, whereas Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like protein and Mal d 3, a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, are rather stable to proteolytic processes. Mal d 1 and Mal d 4 were purified after expression in Escherichia coli expression system, while Mal d 2 and Mal d 3 were purified from apple fruit tissue. All purified proteins were subjected to detailed physicochemical characterisation to confirm their structural integrity and maintained IgE binding capacity. Detailed investigations of carbohydrate moieties of Mal d 2 demonstrated their involvement in the overall IgE binding capacity of this allergen. It was concluded that the folded structure and IgE binding capacity of all four allergens were preserved during purification.     

Benchmarking and learning garbage collection delays for resource-restricted graphical user interfaces

Tablets, smartphones, and wearables have limited resources. Applications on these devices employ a graphical user interface (GUI) for interaction with users. Language runtimes for GUIs employ dynamic memory management using garbage collection (GC). However, GC policies and algorithms are designed for data centers and cloud computing, but they are not necessarily ideal for resource-constrained embedded devices. In this article, we present GUI GC, a JavaFX GUI benchmark, which we use to compare the performance of the four GC policies of the Eclipse OpenJ9 Java runtime on a resource-constrained environment. Overall, our experiments suggest that the default policy Gencon registered significantly lower execution times than its counterparts. The region-based policy, Balanced, did not fully utilize blocking times; thus, using GUI GC, we conducted experiments with explicit GC invocations that measured significant improvements of up to 13.22% when multiple CPUs were available. Furthermore, we created a second version of GUI GC that expands on the number of controllable load-stressing dimensions; we conducted a large number of randomly configured experiments to quantify the performance effect that each knob has. Finally, we analyzed our dataset to derive suitable knob configurations for desired runtime, GC, and hardware stress levels.