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Binary and ternary anode catalyst formulations including the elements W, Sn and Mo for PEMFCs operated on methanol or reformate gas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In an exploratory approach to find improved electrocatalyst formulations binary and ternary carbon supported catalysts with the elements Pt and Ru, W, Mo or Sn, respectively, amending the choice of Pt and Pt/Ru catalysts by addition of non-Pt metal cocatalysts were manufactured by impregnation and a colloid method and tested towards their activity for anodic oxidation of H2 containing 150 ppm CO and of methanol. Membrane-electrode-assemblies with noble metal loadings of 0.4 mg cm−2 were manufactured and tested in fuel cell operation at 75°C with H2 fuel contaminated by CO and at 95°C for operation on methanol. Cocatalytic activities were found for the elements W and Mo for oxidation of H2/CO and methanol while in the case of Sn a cocatalytic activity was only found for H2/CO-oxidation. Both for oxidation of methanol and H2/CO the system Pt/Ru/W was superior to the other systems tested. The colloid method was found to be highly suitable for synthesizing polymetallic PEM catalysts. 相似文献
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Karin Schiefenh?vel Dr. Hartmut Rehbein 《Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit》2011,6(2):203-214
Fish and fillet of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and tilapia (Oreochromis species) obtained from wholesale and retail trade were assigned to species by sequencing of PCR products. Two segments (358 and 464?bp) of the cytochrome b gene (cytb) were amplified using universal primers. The amplicons gave characteristic patterns in SSCP-analysis (single strand conformation polymorphism) suitable for differentiation of Lates calcarifer from Lates niloticus and Lateolabrax japonicus. Intra-specific variation of sequences and SSCP patterns were observed for barramundi. In case of tilapia species, it was found to be difficult to identify samples by BLAST due to the high similarity of cytb sequences of O. niloticus, O. mossambicus, O. aureus and Sarotherodon galileus. Four different patterns of single strand DNA (ssDNA) were obtained by SSCP analysis of the 464?bp amplicon of tilapia. Different patterns of ssDNA matched to variations in sequences. Protein profiles obtained by IEF (isoelectric focusing) of water-soluble proteins from raw fillet were found to be suitable for rapid differentiation of Lates calcarifer from Lateolabrax japonicus, but the three different Oreochromis species expressed only minor differences in protein patterns. The patterns of the tilapia and barramundi species showed a number of acidic, heat-stable proteins, presumably representing parvalbumin. 相似文献
96.
Genome-Wide Investigation of Multifocal and Unifocal Prostate Cancer—Are They Genetically Different?
Chinyere Ibeawuchi Hartmut Schmidt Reinhard Voss Ulf Titze Mahmoud Abbas Joerg Neumann Elke Eltze Agnes Marije Hoogland Guido Jenster Burkhard Brandt Axel Semjonow 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(6):11816-11829
Prostate cancer is widely observed to be biologically heterogeneous. Its heterogeneity is manifested histologically as multifocal prostate cancer, which is observed more frequently than unifocal prostate cancer. The clinical and prognostic significance of either focal cancer type is not fully established. To investigate prostate cancer heterogeneity, the genetic profiles of multifocal and unifocal prostate cancers were compared. Here, we report observations deduced from tumor-tumor comparison of copy number alteration data of both focal categories. Forty-one fresh frozen prostate cancer foci from 14 multifocal prostate cancers and eight unifocal prostate cancers were subjected to copy number variation analysis with the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 microarray tool. With the investigated cases, tumors obtained from a single prostate exhibited different genetic profiles of variable degrees. Further comparison identified no distinct genetic pattern or signatures specific to multifocal or unifocal prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that samples obtained from multiple sites of a single unifocal prostate cancer show as much genetic heterogeneity and variability as separate tumors obtained from a single multifocal prostate cancer. 相似文献
97.
Hartmut Logemann 《Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems (MCSS)》1990,3(3):255-269
This paper considers the problem of adaptive exponential stabilization for a class of single-input single-output nonlinear
retarded processes. The class includes certain linear retarded systems which are subject to sector-bounded actuator and sensor
nonlinearities. It is shown that there is a wide range of high-gain adaptive compensators which achieve exponential stability
for the class of processes under consideration.
This work was supported by SERC under Grant No. GR/D/45710. 相似文献
98.
Die Verfahren zur Aufbesserung der Brennstoffeigenschaften von Biomasse orientieren sich weitgehend an der Vergasung oder Verflüssigung von Braunkohle. Die hydrierende Umsetzung der in der Biomasse vorliegenden Biopolymere (Cellulosen, Lignin und Lignocellulosen) erfordern vor dem hydrierenden Angriff den chemischen Abbau der komplexen Biopolymer-Matrix. Man unterscheidet pyrolytische Verfahren (350 bis 500°C, drucklos) von den unter Druck durchgeführten hydrolytischen, solvolytischen und extraktiven Verfahren. Die relativ hohen Investitionskosten der Iysierenden Verfahren erfordern wegen der “Economy of scale” eine Mindestanlagengröße von mehreren hundert MW. Die Biomassevergasung und die darauf aufbauende Wasserstoff und Methanol-Erzeugung aus Biomasse sind vom Investitionsaufwand her gesehen auch für kleinere Anlagen geeignet. In nächster Zukunft dürfte sich die energetische Biomassenutzung allerdings auf die direkte Verbrennung in Biomasse-Heizkraftwerken bzw. die Vergasung und Verstromung des Gases in Brennstoffzellen beschränken. 相似文献
99.
Eingegangen am 20.03.1996, in überarbeiteter Form am 17.02.1997 相似文献
100.