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981.
González-Domínguez JM Ansón-Casaos A Díez-Pascual AM Ashrafi B Naffakh M Backman D Stadler H Johnston A Gómez M Martínez MT 《ACS applied materials & interfaces》2011,3(5):1441-1450
Multicomponent nanocomposite materials based on a high-performance epoxy system and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been prepared. The noncovalent wrapping of nitric acid-treated SWNTs with a PEO-based amphiphilic block copolymer leads to a highly disaggregated filler with a boosted miscibility in the epoxy matrix, allowing its dispersion without organic solvents. Although direct dispersion of acid-treated SWNTs results in modestly improved epoxy matrix mechanical properties, the incorporation of wrapped SWNTs produces a huge increase in toughness (276% improvement at 0.5 wt % loading) and impact strength (193% at 0.5 wt % loading) with no detrimental effect on the elastic properties. A synergistic effect between SWNTs and the block copolymer is revealed on the basis of tensile and impact strength results. Atomic force microscopy has been applied, obtaining stiffness mappings that identify nanostructure features responsible of the dynamic mechanical behavior. The electrical percolation threshold is greatly reduced, from 0.31 to 0.03 wt % SWNTs when block copolymer-wrapped SWNTs are used, and all the measured conductivity values increased up to a maximum of 7 orders of magnitude with respect to the baseline matrix (1 wt % wrapped-SWNTs loading). This approach provides an efficient way to disperse barely dispersible SWNTs without solvents into an epoxy matrix, and to generate substantial improvements with small amounts of SWNTs. 相似文献
982.
983.
We show that television news is considerably more deliberative in established (United States, Germany) than in defective democracies (Russia) and slightly more deliberative in a power‐sharing political system (Germany) than in a power‐concentrating system (United States). We further demonstrate that public‐service channels, nonpartisan programs, and in‐depth news shows make stronger overall contributions toward deliberativeness than their respective counterparts. While national news cultures produce distinct national styles of mediated deliberation, individual channels in the United States (Fox, CNN) and Russia (REN) cut across these national patterns. The significance of deliberative media content for citizens and political elites is discussed. 相似文献
984.
Hartmut Schneider Reinhard X. Fischer Jürgen Schreuer 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(10):2948-2967
Mullite is certainly one of the most important oxide materials for both conventional and advanced ceramics. Mullite belongs to the compositional series of orthorhombic aluminosilicates with the general composition Al2(Al2+2xSi2‐2x)O10‐x. Main members are sillimanite (x = 0), stoichiometric 3/2‐mullite (x = 0.25), 2/1‐mullite (x = 0.40), and the SiO2‐free phase ι‐alumina (x = 1, crystal structure not known). This study gives an overview on the present state of research regarding single crystal mullite. Following a short introduction, the second part of the review focuses on the crystal structure of mullite. In particular, the characteristic mullite‐type structural backbone of parallel chains consisting of edge‐sharing MO6 octahedra and their specific cross‐linkage by TO4 tetrahedra is explained in detail, the role of cation disorder and structural oxygen vacancies is addressed, and the possibility of cation substitution on different sites is discussed. The third part of the study deals with physical properties being relevant for technical applications of mullite and includes mechanical properties (e.g., elasticity, compressibility, strength, toughness, creep), thermal properties (e.g., thermal expansion, heat capacity, atomic diffusion, thermal conductivity), electrical conductivity, and optical properties. Special emphasis is put on structure–property relationships which allow for interpretation of corresponding experimental data and offer in turn the possibility to tailor new mullite materials with improved properties. Finally, the reported anomalies and discontinuities in the evolution of certain physical properties with temperature are summarized and critically discussed. 相似文献
985.
986.
Jrg Schmehl Hartmut Stoll Marina Danalache Gerd Christian Grzinger Tim-Oliver Greiner Rebecca Felizitas Leibfritz Petros Martirosian Konstantin Nikolaou Stefanie Elser 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are known for their vascular regeneration capacity by neoangiogenesis. Even though, several delivery approaches exist, particularly in the case of intravascular delivery, only limited number of cells reach the targeted tissue and are not able to remain on site. Applicated cells exhibit poor survival accompanied with a loss of functionality. Moreover, cell application techniques lead to cell death and impede the overall MSC function and survival. 3D cell spheroids mimic the physiological microenvironment, thus, overcoming these limitations. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate and assess the feasibility of 3D MSCs spheroids for endovascular application, for treatment of ischemic peripheral vascular pathologies. Multicellular 3D MSC spheroids were generated at different cell seeding densities, labelled with ultra-small particles of iron oxide (USPIO) and investigated in vitro in terms of morphology, size distribution, mechanical stability as well as ex vivo with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess their trackability and distribution. Generated 3D spheroids were stable, viable, maintained stem cell phenotype and were easily trackable and visualized via MRI. MSC 3D spheroids are suitable candidates for endovascular delivery approaches in the context of ischemic peripheral vascular pathologies. 相似文献
987.
Hou X Aldahan A Nielsen SP Possnert G Nies H Hedfors J 《Environmental science & technology》2007,41(17):5993-5999
Surface seawater samples collected from the North Sea and English Channel were analyzed for total 129I and 127I, as well as for iodide and iodate. Relatively high 129I concentrations (2-3 x 10(11) atoms/L) were observed in the northern part of the English Channel and in the southeastern North Sea. The atomic ratio of 129I/127I decreases from the eastern (1.0-1.9 x 10(-6)) to the western (4-6 x 10(-8)) parts of the North Sea and from the northeastern (1.5 x 10(-6)) to southwestern (1-5 x 10(-8)) parts of the English Channel. The ratios of iodide to iodate are 0.1-0.5 and 0.5-1.6 for 127I and 129I, respectively, in open seawaters, whereas these ratios range from 0.6 to 1.3 and 0.8 to 2.2, respectively, in coastal waters. The results suggest that (1) imprints of the La Hague facility dominates the 129I distribution in the surface water of the North Sea, (2) reduction of iodate to iodide is relatively fast during the transport to the European continental coast, (3) oxidation of newly produced 129I- to (129)IO3- is insignificant during water exchange between the coastal area and open sea, (4) reduction of iodate and oxidation of iodide in the open sea seems to be a slow process. 相似文献
988.
Michael Geis Stephan Herrmann Sebastian Fendt Hyeondeok Jeong Christian Lenser Norbert H. Menzler Hartmut Spliethoff 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(45):20417-20427
Feeding solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with gas from biomass gasification is promising with regard to highly efficient power generation. But it is also intricate since biogenic contaminants are harmful to state-of-the-art anode materials. In this work the influence of phenol as a biogenic model contaminant on the performance of single solid oxide fuel cells was studied under realistic conditions. For this purpose Ni/YSZ anode supported cells were operated with simulated bio-syngas, applying an electrical load of 0.34 A/cm2. Over a duration of several hundreds of hours phenol was periodically added to the fuel gas. The tests showed that for the lowest concentration of phenol no accelerated degradation could be observed regarding cell potential and electrical impedance measurements, but disintegration of the Ni/YSZ support took place. Metal dusting of the anode support was found to be the most important mechanism of degradation. 相似文献
989.
Marion Bartsch Bilge Saruhan Martin Schmücker Hartmut Schneider 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(6):1388-1392
Dense mullite ceramics were successfully produced at temperatures below 1300°C from amorphous SiO2 -coated gamma-Al2 O3 particle nanocomposites (AS-gammaA). This method reduces processing temperatures by similar/congruent300°C or more with respect to amorphous SiO2 -coated alpha-Al2 O3 particle microcomposites (AS-alphaA) and to other Al2 O3 -SiO2 reaction couples. The good densification behavior and the relatively low mullite formation temperature make AS-gammaA nanocomposites an excellent matrix raw material for polycrystalline aluminosilicate fiber-reinforced mullite composites. 相似文献
990.
Hartmut Schirmacher Wolfgang Heidrich & Hans-Peter Seidel 《Computer Graphics Forum》1999,18(3):151-160
Light fields and Lumigraphs are capable of rendering scenes of arbitrary geometrical or illumination complexity in real time. They are thus interesting ways of interacting with both recorded real-world and high-quality synthetic scenes.
Unfortunately, both light fields and Lumigraph rely on a dense sampling of the illumination to provide a good rendering quality. This induces high costs both in terms of storage requirements and computational resources for the image acquisition. Techniques for acquiring adaptive light field and Lumigraph representations are thus mandatory for practical applications.
In this paper we present a method for the adaptive acquisition of images for Lumigraphs from synthetic scenes. Using image warping to predict the potential improvement in image quality when adding a certain view, we decide which new views of the scene should be rendered and added to the light field. This a-priori error estimator accounts for both visibility problems and illumination effects such as specular highlights. 相似文献
Unfortunately, both light fields and Lumigraph rely on a dense sampling of the illumination to provide a good rendering quality. This induces high costs both in terms of storage requirements and computational resources for the image acquisition. Techniques for acquiring adaptive light field and Lumigraph representations are thus mandatory for practical applications.
In this paper we present a method for the adaptive acquisition of images for Lumigraphs from synthetic scenes. Using image warping to predict the potential improvement in image quality when adding a certain view, we decide which new views of the scene should be rendered and added to the light field. This a-priori error estimator accounts for both visibility problems and illumination effects such as specular highlights. 相似文献