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排序方式: 共有431条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
51.
This study was designed to determine, through the measurement of oxygen consumption (QO2), whether pretreatment and posttreatment with theophylline, verapamil, and mannitol provide protection from damage in the cortex and medulla of rat kidneys subjected to 60 and 120 minutes of ischemia. QO2 levels in both tissues were examined 1 day after each ischemia. After 60 minutes of ischemia, pretreatment with theophylline and verapamil primarily provided protection from ischemic change in cortical QO2. Pretreatment with mannitol provided protection from both cortical and medullary changes in QO2, but posttreatment with mannitol only protected cortical QO2. After 120 minutes of ischemia, only pretreatment with verapamil was effective in protecting cortical QO2 from ischemic injury. These observations demonstrate that theophylline, verapamil, and mannitol are effective in protecting renal QO2 in the ischemic kidney. During this study, it became clear that there were differences in the effectiveness of theophylline and verapamil on QO2 in the ischemic kidney between pretreatment and posttreatment, and also between the cortex and the medulla. 相似文献
52.
Tritium radioluminography has been applied to determine the hydrogen (H) diffusion coefficients in Ti50Cr50 and Ti40Cr60 alloys, both with two-phase structures of a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase and a Laves phase. Using radioluminography, H distributions in those phases have been observed, and H penetration profiles have been measured. The tritium diffusion coefficients in the Ti50Cr50 and Ti40Cr60 alloys have been successfully determined by analyzing the tritium penetration profiles to be 3.3±0.3 × 10?12 and 1.4±0.1×10?12 m2/s, respectively. These values suggest that the H diffusion in the Laves phase is slower than that in the bcc phase. It is also suggested that H diffuses by short-circuiting diffusion through the interface between the bcc phase and the Laves phase. 相似文献
53.
The liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbilMeriones unguiculatus catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated fatty acids (C8−C18), alcohols (C12 and C16) and hydrocarbon (C12) to the corresponding ω- and (ω-1)-hydroxy derivatives. Lauric acid was hydroxylated most effectively among saturated fatty
acids and the order of activity as hydroxylation substrates was C12>C14>C13>C16>C10>C18>C8. The specific activity of laurate hydroxylation (5.99 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) in gerbil liver microsomes was higher
than that observed in other species. 1-Dodecanol was also hydroxylated very effectively (4.58 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min)
by gerbil liver microsomes, but in general the hydroxylation rates for fatty alcohols were much lower than those for the corresponding
acids. It was found from both inhibitor and cofactor studies that the enzyme catalyzing the hydroxylation of fatty acids and
alcohols in the liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbil was a typical cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase, and at least
two different cytochrome P-450 species were involved in the hydroxylation.
Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting (a joint meeting with the Japan Oil Chemists' Society), Honolulu, Hawaii, May
1986. 相似文献
54.
Direct imaging of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended on pillar-patterned Si or SiO2 substrates is investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The suspended nanotubes are successfully observed by direct TEM imaging and it is seen that they have either individual or bundles of SWNTs. Low energy (< or =2 keV) SEM produces high contrast images of suspended SWNTs. On the contrary, when SWNTs contact a SiO2 substrate, they are imaged using electron-beam induced current. The image brightness depends on the length of SWNTs. 相似文献
55.
Time-resolved diffuse optical tomographic imaging for the provision of both anatomical and functional information about biological tissue 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We present in vivo images of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse optical tomography (DOT) of human lower legs and forearm to validate the dual functions of a time-resolved (TR) NIR DOT in clinical diagnosis, i.e., to provide anatomical and functional information simultaneously. The NIR DOT system is composed of time-correlated single-photon-counting channels, and the image reconstruction algorithm is based on the modified generalized pulsed spectral technique, which effectively incorporates the TR data with reasonable computation time. The reconstructed scattering images of both the lower legs and the forearm revealed their anatomies, in which the bones were clearly distinguished from the muscles. In the absorption images, some of the blood vessels were observable. In the functional imaging, a subject was requested to do handgripping exercise to stimulate physiological changes in the forearm tissue. The images of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin concentration changes in the forearm were obtained from the differential images of the absorption at three wavelengths between the exercise and the rest states, which were reconstructed with a differential imaging scheme. These images showed increases in both blood volume and oxyhemoglobin concentration in the arteries and simultaneously showed hypoxia in the corresponding muscles. All the results have demonstrated the capability of TR NIR DOT by reconstruction of the absolute images of the scattering and the absorption with a high spatial resolution that finally provided both the anatomical and functional information inside bulky biological tissues. 相似文献
56.
Kinetic study of thermostable L-threonine dehydrogenase from an archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the genome data base of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii, an open reading frame with sequence homology to a gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase was found. It was demonstrated that the encoded enzyme was a thermostable L-threonine dehydrogenase which can oxidize the hydroxy alkyl residue of L-threonine associated with the reduction of NAD+ or NADP+. This enzyme is a member of the zinc-containing L-threonine dehydrogenase family. One enzyme molecule contained one zinc atom, and this metal was considered to contribute to the hyperthermostablility of the enzyme. The reaction of the enzyme proceeded via a sequential mechanism. The Michaelis constants (Km) for L-threonine and NAD+ were 0.013 and 0.010 mM, respectively, and the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) was 1.75 mmol NADH formed/min/mg-protein at 65 degrees C. The Km values for both L-threonine and NADP+ were larger than those for L-threonine and NAD+ with a similar Vmax value. These results indicate that the enzyme has lower affinity to NADP+ than to NAD+, and the binding affinity for L-threonine depends on the coenzymes. 相似文献
57.
58.
Juliana Alves Macedo Lara Durães Sette Hélia Harumi Sato 《Food and Bioprocess Technology》2010,3(2):308-314
A new microbial transglutaminase (MTGase or MTG, EC 2.3.2.13) from a Streptomyces sp. strain isolated from Brazilian soil samples was characterized in crude and purified forms. The aim of this work is to provide relevant information about a new transglutaminase and to compare its characteristics with the well-known commercial transglutaminase from Ajinomoto Co. Inc. (Activa® TG-BP). The enzyme from Streptomyces sp., in both crude and pure forms, exhibited optimal activity in the 6.0–6.5 pH range and at 35–40°C. The results for the commercial enzyme were the same. A second maximum of activity was observed at pH 10.0 with both the crude Streptomyces sp. enzyme and the commercial enzyme. This interesting fact has not been reported in the literature previously. The fact that this second maximum of activity does not appear on the purified form of the enzyme may suggest the presence of an isoenzyme on the crude extract. All of the enzymes tested were stable over the pH range from 4.5 to 8.0 and up to 45°C. The decline in activity of the commercial transglutaminase above 45°C and pH 8.0 was more gradual. The activities of all the MTG samples were independent of Ca+2 concentration, but they were elevated in the presence of K+, Ba2+, and Co2+ and inhibited by Cu2+ and Hg2+, which suggests the presence of a thiol group in the MTG’s active site. The purified enzyme presented a K m of 6.37 mM and a V max of 1.7 U/mL, while the crude enzyme demonstrated a K m of 6.52 mM and a V max of 1.35 U/mL. 相似文献
59.
Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in agricultural products by GC/MS coupled with database software
Ueno E Kabashima Y Oshima H Ohno T 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2008,49(4):316-319
We evaluated a multiresidue method for determination of pesticides in agricultural products by SCAN mode GC/MS coupled with three kinds of database for 253 pesticides: relative retention time, mass spectra and calibration curve (SCAN method). Twenty-six pesticides, a total of 131 pesticides were detected in samples by the SCAN method. The detection results agreed closely with those of the SIM mode GC/MS method using calibration standards (SIM method). The ratios of the SCAN method to the SIM method ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 with SD values of 0.63. It was judged that the SCAN method could be applied to the screening analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural products, provided that the sample preparation method makes it possible to effectively remove sample matrixes with minimal loss of analytes. 相似文献
60.
Vanessa Harumi Kiyan Flávia Pires Rodrigues Ricardo Elgul Samad Denise Maria Zezell Marco Antonio Bottino Nelson Batista De Lima Cintia Helena Coury Saraceni 《Ceramics International》2021,47(4):4455-4465
Femtosecond pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser were used to irradiate specimens of yttria-stabilised (35% mol) tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) with the purpose of studying the effects of the irradiations on their surface properties and morphology after ageing. Zirconia disks were divided into eight groups (n = 32) according to their surface treatment and subsequent ageing: Control: no treatment; sandblasting: Al2O3 sandblasting 50 μm; and ultrashort laser pulses irradiation with 25 μJ pulses, considering two different scanning steps based on the width between two grooves. These groups were duplicated and submitted to ageing. The surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. A finite element analysis, a biaxial flexure test, as well as fractographic and Weibull analyses, were performed. The strengths of the disks were statistically different for the treatment factor, and the principal stresses seemed to be concentrated at the centre of the specimens, as predicted by the computer simulations. Ageing decreased the strengths for all groups and increased the Weibull modulus for the laser group with the 40 μm-width between two grooves. The sandblasting group presented the highest monoclinic phase peak. Although the most significant strength was found within the sandblasting group, the phase transformation was favourable to the laser groups. The Weibull modulus was higher for the laser group with the 60 μm-width between two grooves, confirming the highest homogeneity of its failure distribution. Regardless of the surface treatment, strength was decreased with ageing in all groups. The femtosecond Ti:Sa ultra-short pulse laser irradiation can be suggested as an alternative to the gold standard sandblasting in long-term Y-TZP zirconia rehabilitations, such as crowns and veneers. 相似文献